e$B$U$J$P$G$9!#e(B
e$B<ALd$G$9$,!“e(BTime#rfc2822 e$B$O!“e(BUTC e$B$N>l9g!”;~:9$r$”$($Fe(B
‘-0000’ e$B$K$7$F$$e(B
e$B$k$h$&$G$9$,!"$3$l$O2?8N$G$7$g$&!#e(B
‘-0000’
e$B$@$H!";~:9>pJs$,$J$$$H$$$&0UL#$K$J$k$h$&$J5$$,$9$k$N$G$9$,!#e(B
e$B$=$l$+$i!“e(BTime::rfc2822 e$B$K$D$$$F!“e(BGMT
e$B$,COJ};~$”$D$+$$$5$l$k$N$O!“2J3Xe(B
e$BE*$K:,5r$N$”$k$3$H$@$H;W$$$^$9$,!”<B:]$O!"$H$/$Ke(B RFC 2822
e$B$K$D$$$F$O!“e(B
e$B$3$l$O@$3&;~$J$N$G$O$J$$$+$H;W$$$^$9$,!”$I$&$G$7$g$&!#e(B
In article [email protected],
Tadayoshi F. [email protected] writes:
e$B<ALd$G$9$,!“e(BTime#rfc2822 e$B$O!“e(BUTC e$B$N>l9g!”;~:9$r$”$($Fe(B ‘-0000’ e$B$K$7$F$$e(B
e$B$k$h$&$G$9$,!"$3$l$O2?8N$G$7$g$&!#e(B‘-0000’ e$B$@$H!";~:9>pJs$,$J$$$H$$$&0UL#$K$J$k$h$&$J5$$,$9$k$N$G$9$,!#e(B
Time e$B$,e(B utc e$B$J$i;~:9>pJs$O=P$5$J$$$N$,0U?^$G$“$k$H?dB,$9$k$Ne(B
e$B$G!”;~:9>pJs$O$J$$07$$$K$7$F$$$^$9!#e(B
e$B$^$?!“e(BTime.rfc2822(t.rfc2822) e$B$,!“2DG=$G$”$l$Pe(B UTC
e$B$+H]$+$Ke(B
e$B$D$$$Fe(B round trip e$B$7$F$[$7$$$H$$$&0U?^$b$”$j$^$9!#e(B
e$B$=$l$+$i!“e(BTime::rfc2822 e$B$K$D$$$F!“e(BGMT e$B$,COJ};~$”$D$+$$$5$l$k$N$O!“2J3Xe(B
e$BE*$K:,5r$N$”$k$3$H$@$H;W$$$^$9$,!”<B:]$O!"$H$/$Ke(B RFC 2822 e$B$K$D$$$F$O!“e(B
e$B$3$l$O@$3&;~$J$N$G$O$J$$$+$H;W$$$^$9$,!”$I$&$G$7$g$&!#e(B
e$B%$%.%j%9$G$be(B Time.parse(t.to_s) e$B$,e(B UTC e$B$+H]$+$K$D$$$Fe(B
round
trip e$B$7$F$[$7$$$N$G!“e(BGMT e$B$OCOJ};~$H$7$F$”$j$^$9!#e(B
RFC 822 e$B$N1?MQ$H$7$F$O$=$N$h$&$J5$$b$7$J$/$b$“$j$^$;$s$,!”$$e(B
e$B$^$N$H$3$m$H$/$KLdBj$O=P$F$$$J$$$N$G$^$!$$$$$s$8$c$J$$$+$H;W$Ce(B
e$B$F$$$^$9!#e(B
Time e$B$,e(B utc e$B$J$i;~:9>pJs$O=P$5$J$$$N$,0U?^$G$"$k$H?dB,$9$k$Ne(B
e$B$G!";~:9>pJs$O$J$$07$$$K$7$F$$$^$9!#e(B
e$B0lItM}2r$7$^$7$?$,!"e(B
Time::rfc2822 e$B$Ge(B -0000 e$B$rFI$`$H!"@5??@5LC$Ne(B UTC
e$B$K$J$j!"0lJ}!"e(B+0000 e$B$Oe(B
e$BJX59E*$Ke(B UTC e$B$NCM$r$H$j$J$,$i!“e(BUTC
e$B$G$J$$!”$H$5$l$k$o$1$G$9$h$M!#??5Ue(B
e$B$N2r<a$K$J$C$F$$$k$o$1$G!#e(B
GMT e$B$J$s$+$O!"$3$l$+$iBg!9E*$K$D$+$$&!"$H$$$&$b$N$G$O$J$/!“e(BRFC
2822
e$B$H$7$F$O!”@l$iFI$`$3$H$,LdBj$J$o$1$G$9$7!“e(BTime.parse
e$B$”$?$j$H$O>/$7;ve(B
e$B>p$,0c$&$h$&$J5$$,$7$^$9!#e(BUT e$B$He(B GMT e$B$O$H$b$Ke(B ‘+0000’
e$B$HF1$8e(B (Universal
Time)e$B!"$HL@8@$5$l$F$$$k$o$1$G$9$+$i!"$$+$7$$$H;W$$$^$9!#e(B
e$B%a!<%k$K$D$$$F$h$/CN$j$^$;$s$,!“8@$o$l$k$h$&$JM}M3$G!”:#$N$h$&$K$J$C$Fe(B
e$B$$$k$N$J$i$P!"$9$C$+$jK:$l$FD>$7$F$b9=$o$J$$$h$&$K;W$$$^$7$?!#e(B
In article [email protected],
Tadayoshi F. [email protected] writes:
Time::rfc2822 e$B$Ge(B -0000 e$B$rFI$`$H!"@5??@5LC$Ne(B UTC e$B$K$J$j!"0lJ}!"e(B+0000 e$B$Oe(B
e$BJX59E*$Ke(B UTC e$B$NCM$r$H$j$J$,$i!“e(BUTC e$B$G$J$$!”$H$5$l$k$o$1$G$9$h$M!#??5Ue(B
e$B$N2r<a$K$J$C$F$$$k$o$1$G!#e(B
-0000 e$B$He(B +0000 e$B$Oe(B RFC 2822
e$B$G0c$&0UL#$r;}$D$HDj5A$5$l$F$$$ke(B
e$B$N$G!"0c$&$h$&$K07$&$N$,$*$+$7$$$H$O;W$$$^$;$s!#e(B
RFC 2822 e$B$Ge(B +0000 e$B$Oe(B
The form “+0000” SHOULD be used to indicate a time zone at
Universal Time.
e$B$G$"$j!“e(BUniversal Time e$B$JCO0h$G$”$k!"Nc$($P%$%.%j%9$NE_;~4Ve(B
e$B$G;H$&$N$,E,@Z$@$H;W$$$^$9!#e(B
-0000 e$B$Oe(B
Though “-0000” also indicates Universal Time, it is used
to indicate that the time was generated on a system that
may be in a local time zone other than Universal Time and
therefore indicates that the date-time contains no
information about the local time zone.
e$B$H$$$&!“%7%9%F%`$Oe(B Universal Time e$B$8$c$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$$H$3$me(B
(e$BNc$($PF|K\e(B) e$B$K$”$j!"$=$l$G$be(B Universal Time
e$B$JI=8=$r;H$&!“e(B
e$B$H$$$&$b$N$J$o$1$G!”$^$5$Ke(B UTC e$B$Je(B Time
e$B$G;H$&$N$KE,@Z$@$H;We(B
e$B$$$^$9!#e(B
GMT e$B$J$s$+$O!"$3$l$+$iBg!9E*$K$D$+$$&!“$H$$$&$b$N$G$O$J$/!“e(BRFC 2822
e$B$H$7$F$O!”@l$iFI$`$3$H$,LdBj$J$o$1$G$9$7!“e(BTime.parse e$B$”$?$j$H$O>/$7;ve(B
e$B>p$,0c$&$h$&$J5$$,$7$^$9!#e(BUT e$B$He(B GMT e$B$O$H$b$Ke(B ‘+0000’ e$B$HF1$8e(B (Universal
Time)e$B!”$HL@8@$5$l$F$$$k$o$1$G$9$+$i!"$$+$7$$$H;W$$$^$9!#e(B
In the obsolete time zone, “UT” and “GMT” are indications
of “Universal Time” and “Greenwich Mean Time” respectively
and are both semantically identical to “+0000”.
e$B$H$$$&$H$3$m$@$H;W$$$^$9$,!"$3$3$C$Fe(B -0000 e$B$H$N0c$$$r9M$($Fe(B
e$B=q$+$l$?5-=R$J$s$G$9$+$Me(B?
UT, GMT e$B$,e(B +0000 e$B$HF1$8$@$H$9$k$H!“e(BGMT
e$B$H=q$/$H$3$l$OE_$N%$e(B
e$B%.%j%9e(B (e$B$”$k$$$O$=$3$H$*$J$8;~:9$NCO0he(B)
e$B$N;~9o$H$$$&0UL#$,$De(B
e$B$/$o$1$G$9$,!"$=$l$OJQ$G$Oe(B?
e$B$&$%$`!#e(BRFC 2822 e$B$N@)Dj;~$K$O5$$,$D$+$J$+$C$?$J$!!#e(B
RFC editor e$B7PM3$G?R$M$F$_$l$P$o$+$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#e(B
Time::rfc2822 e$B$Ge(B -0000 e$B$rFI$`$H!"@5??@5LC$Ne(B UTC e$B$K$J$j!"0lJ}!"e(B+0000 e$B$Oe(B
e$BJX59E*$Ke(B UTC e$B$NCM$r$H$j$J$,$i!“e(BUTC e$B$G$J$$!”$H$5$l$k$o$1$G$9$h$M!#??5Ue(B
e$B$N2r<a$K$J$C$F$$$k$o$1$G!#e(B-0000 e$B$He(B +0000 e$B$Oe(B RFC 2822 e$B$G0c$&0UL#$r;}$D$HDj5A$5$l$F$$$ke(B
e$B$N$G!"0c$&$h$&$K07$&$N$,$*$+$7$$$H$O;W$$$^$;$s!#e(B
e$B$O$$!"0c$&$h$&$K07$C$F$$$$$H;W$$$^$9!#e(B
RFC 2822 e$B$Ge(B +0000 e$B$Oe(B
The form “+0000” SHOULD be used to indicate a time zone at
Universal Time.
e$B$G$"$j!“e(BUniversal Time e$B$JCO0h$G$”$k!"Nc$($P%$%.%j%9$NE_;~4Ve(B
e$B$G;H$&$N$,E,@Z$@$H;W$$$^$9!#e(B
e$B$=$&$@$H;W$$$^$9!#e(B
Time.rfc2822(‘Sun, 3 Sep 2006 14:36:59 +0000’).utc? #=> false
e$B$G!"$3$l$Oe(B UTC e$B$G$O$J$/$J$k$o$1$G$9$+!#e(B
-0000 e$B$Oe(B
Though “-0000” also indicates Universal Time, it is used
to indicate that the time was generated on a system that
may be in a local time zone other than Universal Time and
therefore indicates that the date-time contains no
information about the local time zone.
e$B$H$$$&!"%7%9%F%`$Oe(B Universal Time e$B$8$c$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$$H$3$me(B
(e$BNc$($PF|K\e(B) e$B$K$"$j!"$=$l$G$be(B Universal Time e$B$JI=8=$r;H$&!“e(B
e$B$H$$$&$b$N$J$o$1$G!”$^$5$Ke(B UTC e$B$Je(B Time e$B$G;H$&$N$KE,@Z$@$H;We(B
e$B$$$^$9!#e(B
UTC
e$B$K56Au$7$F$$$kITL@$NCOJ};~$H$$$&0UL#$,$"$k$N$+$H;W$$$^$7$?!#$I$&$7e(B
e$B$F$+$H$$$&$H!"e(B
The 1 character military time zones were defined in a non-standard
way in [RFC822] and are therefore unpredictable in their meaning.
The original definitions of the military zones “A” through “I” are
equivalent to “+0100” through “+0900” respectively; “K”, “L”, and “M”
are equivalent to “+1000”, “+1100”, and “+1200” respectively; “N”
through “Y” are equivalent to “-0100” through “-1200” respectively;
and “Z” is equivalent to “+0000”. However, because of the error in
[RFC822], they SHOULD all be considered equivalent to “-0000” unless
there is out-of-band information confirming their meaning.
e$B$3$l$r$$k$He(B -0000
e$B$O?.Mj$KB-$k>pJs$,B8:$7$J$$>l9g$NJX59E*$J0u$K$9$.e(B
e$B$J$$$h$&$K;W$&$+$i$G$9!#e(B
e$BKM$H$7$F$O!"<+J,$N$H$3$m$N;~:9$bH=$i$J$$$N$K!"e(BUTC
e$B$N;~9o$O$A$c$s$HH=$k!"e(B
e$B$H$$$&$N$OIT;W5D$J46$8$,$7$^$9!#e(B
e$B=q$+$l$?5-=R$J$s$G$9$+$Me(B?
semantically identical
e$B$OCM$,F1$8$J$s$8$c$J$/$F!"$^$C$?$/6hJL$G$-$J$$e(B
e$B$H$$$&46$8$,$7$?$s$G$9$,!#e(B
UT, GMT e$B$,e(B +0000 e$B$HF1$8$@$H$9$k$H!“e(BGMT e$B$H=q$/$H$3$l$OE_$N%$e(B
e$B%.%j%9e(B (e$B$”$k$$$O$=$3$H$*$J$8;~:9$NCO0he(B) e$B$N;~9o$H$$$&0UL#$,$De(B
e$B$/$o$1$G$9$,!"$=$l$OJQ$G$Oe(B?
e$B$3$N>l9g$O!"e(BGMT e$B$O!"e(BUT e$B$J$$$7!“e(BUTC
e$B$N0UL#$G$D$+$o$l$F$$$k$H2r<a$5$l$ke(B
e$B$Y$-$@$H;W$$$^$9!#2J3XE*$K@5$7$/$J$$$G$9$,!”@5$7$/$J$$5-=R$N$[$&$,KX$Ie(B
e$B$G$9$7!"e(B
obs-zone = “UT” / “GMT” / ; Universal Time
e$B$H$$$&%3%a%s%H$+$i$b$=$&$@$HH=CG$7$^$7$?!#e(B
e$B@.@%$G$9!#e(B
Tanaka A. wrote:
through “Y” are equivalent to “-0100” through “-1200” respectively;
e$BL#$@$H;d$O;W$C$F$$$^$9!#e(B
e$BCN$i$J$+$C$?$N$G$9$,!“e(BRFC3339 e$B$J$s$F$”$k$N$G$9$M!#e(B
e$B$G!“e(BRFC3339e$B$KF1;]$H;W$o$l$k5-=R$,$”$j$^$7$?!#e(B
4.3. Unknown Local Offset Convention
If the time in UTC is known, but the offset to local time is unknown,
this can be represented with an offset of “-00:00”. This differs
semantically from an offset of “Z” or “+00:00”, which imply that UTC
is the preferred reference point for the specified time. RFC2822
[IMAIL-UPDATE] describes a similar convention for email.
e$B$H$$$&$o$1$G!"$"$k;~9o$N@53N$Je(BUTCe$BI=5-$O$o$+$k$,!"e(B
e$BCOJ};~$,$o$+$i$J$$>l9g$N5-=R$J$h$&$G$9!#e(B
In article [email protected],
Tadayoshi F. [email protected] writes:
Time.rfc2822(‘Sun, 3 Sep 2006 14:36:59 +0000’).utc? #=> false
e$B$G!"$3$l$Oe(B UTC e$B$G$O$J$/$J$k$o$1$G$9$+!#e(B
e$B$($'!#e(B(e$B:#$O2F$G$“$k$?$a%$%.%j%9$N;~:9$Oe(B 0 e$B$G$J$$$N$Ge(B)
e$B%”%$%9e(B
e$B%i%s%I$rNc$K$H$k$H!"e(B
% TZ=Iceland ruby -rtime -e ‘p Time.local(2006,9,3,14,36,59)’
Sun Sep 03 14:36:59 +0000 2006
% TZ=Iceland ruby -rtime -e ‘p Time.local(2006,9,3,14,36,59).utc?’
false
% TZ=Iceland ruby -rtime -e ‘p Time.local(2006,9,3,14,36,59).rfc2822’
“Sun, 03 Sep 2006 14:36:59 +0000”
% TZ=Iceland ruby -rtime -e ‘p Time.rfc2822(“Sun, 03 Sep 2006 14:36:59
+0000”)’
Sun Sep 03 14:36:59 +0000 2006
% TZ=Iceland ruby -rtime -e ‘p
Time.rfc2822(“Sun, 03 Sep 2006 14:36:59 +0000”).utc?’
false
e$B$H$$$&$h$&$K!“%”%$%9%i%s%I$N;~9o$rJ8;zNs$K$7$?$H$-$K$Oe(B +0000
e$B$r;H$$!“e(B+0000 e$B$K=P2q$C$?$i!”%"%$%9%i%s%I$Ne(B
(e$B$b$7$/$OB>$NCO0he(B
e$B$Ne(B) e$B;~9o$@$H2r<a$7$^$9!#e(B
UTC e$B$K56Au$7$F$$$kITL@$NCOJ};~$H$$$&0UL#$,$"$k$N$+$H;W$$$^$7$?!#$I$&$7e(B
e$B$F$+$H$$$&$H!"e(B
e$B$U$`!#e(B
e$B$3$l$r$$k$He(B -0000 e$B$O?.Mj$KB-$k>pJs$,B8:$7$J$$>l9g$NJX59E*$J0u$K$9$.e(B
e$B$J$$$h$&$K;W$&$+$i$G$9!#e(B
e$B$3$l$O%(%i!<=hM}$G$7$+$?$J$/$=$&$9$k!"$H$$$&OC$@$H;d$O46$8$^e(B
e$B$9!#e(B
-0000 e$B<+BN$N0UL#$O!"e(B+0000 e$B$N@bL@$HJB$s$G$$$k@bL@$,4pK\E*$J0Ue(B
e$BL#$@$H;d$O;W$C$F$$$^$9!#e(B
e$BKM$H$7$F$O!"<+J,$N$H$3$m$N;~:9$bH=$i$J$$$N$K!"e(BUTC e$B$N;~9o$O$A$c$s$HH=$k!"e(B
e$B$H$$$&$N$OIT;W5D$J46$8$,$7$^$9!#e(B
e$B;d$O!“2F;~4V$r<BAu$9$k$N$O$R$I$/Lq2p$J$N$G!“e(BUTC e$B$N;~9o$@$1$Oe(B
e$B$o$+$k!”$H$$$&$N$O$”$j$=$&$JOC$@$H;W$$$^$9!#e(B
Unix e$B$N1F6A$,6/$$5$$b$7$^$9$,!#e(B
semantically identical e$B$OCM$,F1$8$J$s$8$c$J$/$F!"$^$C$?$/6hJL$G$-$J$$e(B
e$B$H$$$&46$8$,$7$?$s$G$9$,!#e(B
e$B$($'!“$@$+$ie(B +0000 e$B$K$O%$%.%j%9$J$I$H$$$&0UL#$,$”$C$F!“e(BUT
e$B$He(B
e$B6hJL$G$-$J$$$H$7$?$ie(B UT e$B$K$b%$%.%j%9$J$I$H$$$&0UL#$,$D$$$F$7e(B
e$B$^$C$F$*$+$7$$$J$!!”$H;W$&$o$1$G$9!#e(B
UT, GMT e$B$,e(B +0000 e$B$HF1$8$@$H$9$k$H!“e(BGMT e$B$H=q$/$H$3$l$OE_$N%$e(B
e$B%.%j%9e(B (e$B$”$k$$$O$=$3$H$*$J$8;~:9$NCO0he(B) e$B$N;~9o$H$$$&0UL#$,$De(B
e$B$/$o$1$G$9$,!"$=$l$OJQ$G$Oe(B?e$B$3$N>l9g$O!"e(BGMT e$B$O!"e(BUT e$B$J$$$7!“e(BUTC e$B$N0UL#$G$D$+$o$l$F$$$k$H2r<a$5$l$ke(B
e$B$Y$-$@$H;W$$$^$9!#2J3XE*$K@5$7$/$J$$$G$9$,!”@5$7$/$J$$5-=R$N$[$&$,KX$Ie(B
e$B$G$9$7!"e(B
e$B$($‘!"$@$+$i%$%.%j%9$J$I$H$$$&0UL#$,$D$/$N$OJQ$G$9$h$M$’!#e(B
obs-zone = “UT” / “GMT” / ; Universal Time
e$B$H$$$&%3%a%s%H$+$i$b$=$&$@$HH=CG$7$^$7$?!#e(B
e$B$^$!!“e(BBST (British Summer Time) e$B$O$”$j$^$;$s$7$M!#e(B
e$B$H$$$&$o$1$G!"$"$k;~9o$N@53N$Je(BUTCe$BI=5-$O$o$+$k$,!"e(B
e$BCOJ};~$,$o$+$i$J$$>l9g$N5-=R$J$h$&$G$9!#e(B
e$B$=$N>l9g!“e(B-00:00 e$B$Oe(B Z
e$B$H$b0c$&$H;W$$$^$9$,!”$I$&$$$&0UL#$J$s$G$7$g$&!#e(B
e$B;d$O!“2F;~4V$r<BAu$9$k$N$O$R$I$/Lq2p$J$N$G!“e(BUTC e$B$N;~9o$@$1$Oe(B
e$B$o$+$k!”$H$$$&$N$O$”$j$=$&$JOC$@$H;W$$$^$9!#e(B
e$B$=$l$OKX$I4X78$J$$$h$&$J5$$,$7$^$9!"$&$A$K$"$k$I$N;~7W$b2F;~4V$N<BAu$Je(B
e$B$s$F$J$$$G$9$,!“2F;~4V$N$”$kCOJ}$G$b$D$+$($k$H;W$$$^$9!#e(BUTC
e$B$O$o$+$i$Je(B
e$B$$$_$?$$$G$9!#e(B
Unix e$B$N1F6A$,6/$$5$$b$7$^$9$,!#e(B
e$B$=$&$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#e(B
e$B$($’!"$@$+$ie(B +0000 e$B$K$O%$%.%j%9$J$I$H$$$&0UL#$,$"$C$F!“e(BUT e$B$He(B
e$B6hJL$G$-$J$$$H$7$?$ie(B UT e$B$K$b%$%.%j%9$J$I$H$$$&0UL#$,$D$$$F$7e(B
e$B$^$C$F$*$+$7$$$J$!!”$H;W$&$o$1$G$9!#e(B
e$B$=$&$$$&0UL#$,$J$$$N$+$b$7$l$J$$$H;W$C$FFI$s$G$$$^$7$?!#$?$@C1$Ke(B
[-+]0000 e$B$N>l9g$re(B UT e$B$H8F$s$G$$$k$@$1$N$h$&$J5$$,$7$^$9!#e(B
e$B$@$s$@$s6hJL$9$k0UL#$,$J$$$h$&$J5$$b$7$F$-$?$s$G$9$,!"$?$H$($P!“e(BGNU
date
e$B$G!“0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$k$N$O4V0c$$!”$H$$$&$3$H$b$”$k$N$G$7$g$&$+!#e(B
$ date --utc --rfc-2822
Sun, 03 Sep 2006 11:28:57 +0000
In article [email protected],
Tadayoshi F. [email protected] writes:
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e$B$3$l$OF10U$7$^$9!#>-Mh$=$&$9$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#e(B
Time::rfc2822
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e$B$G$9$7!“e(BUTC e$B$,F@$i$l$F$b!“e(BUT (e$BBeBX$G$O$J$$e(B +0000)
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e$B$d$C$Q$jAGD>$KFI$`$He(B +0000 e$B$be(B UTC
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e$B$9$,!"$=$&$$$&EDCf$5$s$N;EMM$@$HG<F@$7$^$7$?!#e(B
e$B$?$@!“e(BUT e$BF1MMe(B GMT e$B$O!”$d$O$je(B UTC
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