Module_function and Object include

Ruby
1

I understand that the use of the Module’s class method “module_function”
is to

  • create class method copies of the instance methods defined in module
  • make those instance methods “private” when mixed in.

e.g.
1 module Functions
2 module_function
3 def greet(whom)
4 puts “Hi, #{whom}”
5 end
6 end

Now, if I included this module in my class like:
class Greeter
include Functions
end

everything works as expected.

But, if I opened up the Object class and included Function there e.g.
class Object
include Functions
end
(like probably what Ruby does with Kernel module),

then I find that module_function (line #2 above) is not needed!

Do I conclude that including a module in Object class has the same
effect as module_function?

Thank you,
Kedar

2

“Including a module in Object class” simply makes every object respond
to the mixed-in methods.

In your case, greet' is made available as an instance method of Object. The classGreeter’ is derived directly from Object', thus also inherits the instance method 'greet'. Furthermore, the classGreeter’
itself is an object of type Class', which inherits fromObject’ too,
so ‘Greeter’ itself (without the presence of any instance of it) also
responds to ‘greet’.

This is different from making it a module function and including it only
within Greeter', for which only instances of type 'Greeter' and its subclasses as well as the classGreeter’ itself respond to ‘greet’.

3

This is different from making it a module function and including it only
within Greeter', for which only instances of type 'Greeter' and its subclasses as well as the classGreeter’ itself respond to ‘greet’.

Thanks! You are right.

Thus, in order to make my “functions” available as pure functions to all
my “classes” and instances (e.g. like Kernel.puts), it suffices to open
up Object and include my Functions module in it (without requiring
module_function called in my module).