In Rails, what is the main (global) scope called?

For example, you see files called

rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb

which adds methods and such to the open module ActionController. What
scope is ActionController in? Is it just called the global scope?
Obviously, there is namespace resolution lookup. And a good example of
this is in the Base class of the same file. It references one module
like this: AbstractController::Layouts and another module like this:
Rendering. One uses the :: namespace resolution operator, because
Layouts module is not within the scope that class Base is, which is
module ActionController scope, so it has to reference
AbstractController which must be in the GLOBAL scope in order for ruby
to find it and then it can look there to find Layouts. In contrast,
Rendering is defined within the ActionController scope, and since
class Base is defined within the ActionController scope as well, it
doesn’t need to use the :: operator. It can simply search within that
scope and find the module Rendering. So what is that global scope that
ActionController and AbstractController are in within Rails?

Top-level methods or constants defined outside of any class or module
are implicitly defined in Object.

Top-level methods or constants defined outside of any class or module
are implicitly defined in Object.

Methods attach themselves to whatever the current class is when they are
defined. If self is a class when the method is defined, then the method
becomes an instance method in that class. If self is not a class when
the method is defined, then the current class is self’s class.

puts self
puts self.class

–output:–
main
Object

def do_stuff
end

self is the object called ‘main’, which ruby creates for you on startup,
and it is not a class, so do_stuff() attaches to self’s class, which is
Object.