I’m not too familiar with BSD or BSD jails, but it sounds like a network
configuration issue rather than an Nginx issue. I’d first make sure
that 188.212.129.X is actually reachable from inside the jail. Then
make sure that whatever you are proxying to on the public IP is actually
listening there on port 80. Then make sure you aren’t filtering
packets to that 188.212.129.X:80 or that you at least have an exception
for 192.168.1.2.
Overall, I’m pretty confused as to what you are trying to accomplish by
proxying from a jail with a private IP address to a service that
apparently resides on a public IP address, since you could simply bypass
the proxy and access the public IP directly.