Child processes live after parent process is killed

Ruby
1

Hi all!

I have a Rails app that starts a child process with

IO.popen ‘script/backgroundrb’ do |io|
loop do
output = io.gets
break if output.nil?
print output
end
end

I would expect the child process to die when the Rails app exits or is
killed. This however does not happen. I do this on Linux.

Can anybody explain to me why child processes continue to live after
their parent process has ended?

I realize this is Linux specific, so feel free to redirect me to
relevant documentation. Also if you know how this works on w$ndoze,
please share.

Any reply is much appreciated.

Uwe K.

Norway

2

On Feb 1, 2008, at 3:21 PM, Uwe K. wrote:

Can anybody explain to me why child processes continue to live after
their parent process has ended?

google ‘zombie process’

it’s up to you to make sure that children do not outlive their
parent. under many circumstances ruby will take of this before you
but there are certain situations which no process cannot deal with…
my slave lib addresses this in a full proof way, but a solid
understanding of process management is required to use it.

regards.

a @ http://codeforpeople.com/

3

On Sat, 2008-02-02 at 07:41 +0900, ara howard wrote:

On Feb 1, 2008, at 3:21 PM, Uwe K. wrote:

Can anybody explain to me why child processes continue to live after
their parent process has ended?

it’s up to you to make sure that children do not outlive their
parent. under many circumstances ruby will take of this before you
but there are certain situations which no process cannot deal with…
my slave lib addresses this in a full proof way, but a solid
understanding of process management is required to use it.

Thank you for your reply.

It seems slave-1.2.1 does what I want: Start a background worker
process, leave it alone, and be sure it stops when the main process
ends. I have inserted the following in my config/environment.rb:

gem ‘slave’
require ‘slave’
require ‘lib/workers/my_worker’
my_worker_thread = Slave.object(:async=>true) {MyWorker.new.run}

The method MyWorker#run never returns. Does this look OK? Is
Slave::object designed for usage such as this?

Uwe

4

On Feb 1, 2008, at 4:45 PM, Gary W. wrote:

snip helpful explaintion…

Ara, are you talking more about making sure that you are reaping
child processes? The idea that your child process will outlive you
is quite common, for example when a daemon is started. It will often
outlive whatever started it.

well - i wasn’t really talking about reaping, but killing :wink:

the only way i’ve found to really prevent a child from outliving
it’s parent is what slave.rb does internally which connect a lifeline
from child to parent - that lifeline is a pipe. the basic concept is
(with syntax error i’m sure)

r, w = IO.pipe

fork do
w.close

Thread.new do
begin
r.read
rescue Exception
Kernel.exit
end
end

child_stuff()

exit
end

r.close

which is to say open a pipe, spawn a child, ensure the child exist if
the pipe ever goes stale. this makes a child die even if the parent
gets 'kill -9’ed

cheers.

a @ http://codeforpeople.com/

5

On Feb 1, 2008, at 5:41 PM, ara howard wrote:

On Feb 1, 2008, at 3:21 PM, Uwe K. wrote:

Can anybody explain to me why child processes continue to live after
their parent process has ended?

google ‘zombie process’

The OP was not really describing zombies but instead orphaned processes.

I have no doubt that Ara understands the differences but for other
folks:

A zombie process is a child process that has terminated but is being
ignored by its parent. The process hangs around in the zombie state
until the parent waits for it in order to ‘reap’ its termination status.

A process that gets orphaned when its parent dies will get inherited
by the init process, which will take care of reaping the termination
status of an adopted processes when/if it terminates. An orphaned
process is not notified that it has been orphaned but in theory it
could see that its parent process id has changed (Process.ppid) or
that its parent is init (process id 1).

So while a parent process needs to pay attention to the status of its
children, a child process doesn’t really have to know anything about
its parent.

Ara Howard wrote:

it’s up to you to make sure that children do not outlive their parent.

Ara, are you talking more about making sure that you are reaping
child processes? The idea that your child process will outlive you
is quite common, for example when a daemon is started. It will often
outlive whatever started it.

The typical way to explicitly orphan a process (so that it gets
adopted by init) is a double fork:

 fork { fork { do_work }; exit }

The intermediary process forks a child process to do the work and
then exits. The original process waits for the intermediary and the
‘grandchild’ is orphaned and inherited by init. There are more
considerations though to make a true ‘daemon’ process.

A good source of information for this type of programming is Advanced
Programming in the Unix Environment, by Rich Stevens and Stephen Rago
(2nd Edition).

Gary W.

6

On Feb 1, 2008, at 11:22 PM, ara howard wrote:

well - i wasn’t really talking about reaping, but killing :wink:

the only way i’ve found to really prevent a child from outliving
it’s parent is what slave.rb does internally which connect a
lifeline from child to parent - that lifeline is a pipe. the basic
concept is (with syntax error i’m sure)

I see. That makes sense and avoids any sort of ugly polling mechanism.