Beamforming with GNU Radio and USRPs

Hi everyone,

I am currently trying to get 2 N210 to transmit coherently to a third
N210.

All devices have GPSDO kits and the “gps_locked” status is on “locked”,
there is no MIMO cable in the setup.

I am currently doing some preliminary tests where I feed both sinks with
the same signal i.e a complex sine wave using the signal source from GNU
Radio and I observe the signal received by the third USRP. I made sure
that
both transmitted signals are received with the same amplitude when taken
independently.

My understanding is that if both transmitters are locked to the GPS
there
should be no frequency offset between them and there should only be a
constant phase offset between them which would give me a somewhat
constant
amplitude signal at the receiver.

On the receiver, I observe the signal with both a time sink and a
frequency
sink.
My problem is that the received signal seems to be varying a lot in
amplitude, it looks like a slow AM modulation which is something I would
get if both transmitters weren’t perfectly aligned in frequency.

Changing the frequency of one of the transmitters makes the problem
worse.

Does anyone have prior experience with this kind of setup and
experienced
the same issues?

Thanks in advance,
Jawad

I am not aware of the details of the GPSDO implementation but your
sources must
be phase locked, not only synchronized through the GPS signal. The GPS
control loop
on the LO only has a finite bandwidth above which each oscillator is
free to drift
at will. Under such conditions, the interference pattern will be
fluctuating because
the PLL bandwidth is necessarily much lower than the carrier frequency.

JM

Changing the frequency of one of the transmitters makes the problem worse.

Does anyone have prior experience with this kind of setup and experienced
the same issues?

Thanks in advance,
Jawad


JM Friedt, FEMTO-ST Time & Frequency/SENSeOR, 32 av. observatoire, 25044
Besancon, France

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Hi Jawad,

I think you might want to post follow-ups to this discussion to
[email protected], since so far this has not much to do with
GNU Radio.

On 23.07.2014 14:11, Jawad S. wrote:

source from GNU Radio and I observe the signal received by the
third USRP. I made sure that both transmitted signals are received
with the same amplitude when taken independently.
So you put your N210s in an anechoic chamber and calibrated the
system, and where able to exclude any changing fading effects? That
sounds like a lot of work, so kudos!

A few parameters would be nice to know, though: What’s the tuning
frequency, and did you actually generate sines in software (so your
over-the-air signal would have $f_carrier = f_tune + f_sine$) or did
you just send a constant value at a specific frequency
($f_carrier=f_tune$)?
Range, antenna and amplification used would be nice to know, too, and
daughterboard model of course.

My understanding is that if both transmitters are locked to the GPS
there should be no frequency offset between them and there should
only be a constant phase offset between them which would give me a
somewhat constant amplitude signal at the receiver.
Clever measurement setup!

On the receiver, I observe the signal with both a time sink and a
frequency sink. My problem is that the received signal seems to be
varying a lot in amplitude, it looks like a slow AM modulation
which is something I would get if both transmitters weren’t
perfectly aligned in frequency.
“Slow AM modulation” does sound a lot like fading. Also, your
receivers are not “perfectly” synced, they’re synced within the
specification of your GPSDO, which is quite good, but still >2ppb (if
I remember correctly). Since you add up sines, you get a resulting
sine with a phase that is the result of adding up all the multipath
signals of your two transmitters. The slightest variation in
environment might shift a lot of not-direct signals, which then might
be cancelling or constructively overlay with other paths, thus
shifting the overall phase and amplitude quite a bit.

Also notice that heat will change the the characteristics of the
transceiver’s analog chain, so over time the signal of both TX USRPs
might differ due to amplifiers etc reacting differently at different
temperature.

A few numbers would be nice here, too: What’s the received amplitude
in the single-TX cases, what’s the range for a two-RX case? How fast
is “slow AM modulation”? Do you tune to the same frequency or do you
avoid DC-component problems by intentionally receive at a slightly
offset frequency?

Changing the frequency of one of the transmitters makes the problem
worse.

Does anyone have prior experience with this kind of setup and
experienced the same issues?
Usually, the frequency stability of the USRPs with GPSDOs is quite
good, and I really can’t tell if the slow amplitude variation you’re
seeing (but not quantifying) isn’t even covered by the spec of the
GPSDO.

I think you should actually measure the phase and phase derivative of
your received signal.

Thanks in advance, Jawad

Greetings,
Marcus
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On 07/23/2014 08:11 AM, Jawad S. wrote:

from GNU Radio and I observe the signal received by the third USRP. I
My problem is that the received signal seems to be varying a lot in
amplitude, it looks like a slow AM modulation which is something I
would get if both transmitters weren’t perfectly aligned in frequency.

Changing the frequency of one of the transmitters makes the problem worse.

Does anyone have prior experience with this kind of setup and
experienced the same issues?

Thanks in advance,
Jawad
To clarify, your transmitters are both locked to different GPSDO
units? If so, they won’t be at “exactly the same frequency”.


Marcus L.
Principal Investigator
Shirleys Bay Radio Astronomy Consortium