I installed GNURadio on a fresh machine with Mac OS X 10.10.5 via
MacPorts. I now have 2 Python installs in /usr/bin, python2.6 and
python2.7. Running flowgraphs with GRC is no problem. However, when
trying to run a .py-file from the terminal, as suggested in the guided
tutorial 3.1 („if else“) some modules are not found:
Patricks-iMac:work patrick$ python if_else_mod.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “if_else_mod.py”, line 18, in
from PyQt4 import Qt
ImportError: No module named PyQt4
Why does it work, when running the file from GRC? Is my terminal using
the wrong python install? How could I change that? I also tried changing
the path variable on my notebook a few days ago, when I ran into the
same problem. But since I am new to python and the command line I
obviously made a mistake so that at some point I could not start the GRC
anymore. So your help is appreciated and needed. Couldn’t find a similar
question in the archives.
I think I might have the answer, although Michael D. could
certainly provide better explanations and all that.
You need to check your environment variables. You can do that in the
command line by typing “env”.
Normally you should see something like
"
PYTHONPATH=/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Version/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/:/opt/local/lib/:/usr/local/lib/
"
in the output.
Normally Macports should adapt your ~/.profile file in order to tell
your system where Macports put the stuff you installed.
If for some reasons that fails, your PYTHONPATH (in this case) will not
point to the correct directories.
If that indeed is the case, then you might insert some lines to your
~/.profile file, i.e.
Hi Patrick - So what’s happening is that with GRC, because it was
installed via MacPorts the MP version of Python is used. The terminal
only knows what you tell it via environment variables such as PYTHONPATH
(already suggested by Kevin Hofschröer) and PATH. In your case right
now, I’ll bet that the PATH contains /usr/bin before /opt/local/bin (if
the latter is listed at all). If you do “which python”, you’ll see what
your shell is executing when you type “python” (again, better
/usr/bin/python [2.7 something]). Even if you add /opt/local/bin at the
start of PATH, you might still need to tell MP to select the version of
Python you want to use when you type “python” in the shell. You can list
the options port has via “port select --list python”, and then select
Python 2.7 via “sudo port select python python27” if it not already
active. Combining this with making sure /opt/local/bin comes first in
PATH should solve your issue. Hope this helps! - MLD
I see that I have even more python installs. Now I ran
Patricks-iMac:bin patrick$ which python
/usr/bin/python
Patricks-iMac:bin patrick$ port select --list python
Available versions for python:
none (active)
python26-apple
python27
python27-apple
So terminal normally would run “python” (didn’t look up the version).
And MacPorts?
All this is what comes out of a clean OS X 10.9 install with an update
to 10.10 and then a GNURadio install via MacPorts. Didn’t try yet to
change one of the env variables or use the 'sudo port select python
python27‘ command. What would your suggestions now be? What I don’t
understand is why I have to tell MacPorts to use python2.7, if in fact I
want to tell that to my terminal?
Hi Patrick - You’re on the right track. We’re just following what is
written (roughly) in
< http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/MacInstall >.
Please also note that unless you play some tricks with the +quartz
variant that is available many GR dependencies, you’ll have to install
XQuartz.app to get any GUI working (see
also http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/MacInstall#Prerequisite-X11app-recommended-via-XQuartz ).
Your shell env looks good; because MP’s Python internally set their
PYTHONPATH, you won’t need to so long as you use MP-provided GR projects
(e.g., gr-fosphor). If you want to do your own out-of-tree builds, you
can install them pretty much anywhere so long as the libraries are
linked correctly and PYTHONPATH is set correctly to wherever your OOT
Python module is installed.
You ask a variety of questions about Python usage in OSX. Apple provides
Python 2.6 and 2.7 in /usr/bin in most modern OSX versions; in MP, you
can get Python 2.7, 3.4, and 3.5rc3. MP does not provide the other
Python versions because there really is no use case for them any longer
: 2.7 supersedes 2.6, just as 3.4 does with 3.[0-3]; 3.5 when it is
released should supersede 3.4, so we’ll likely push end users to
As to your question as to which ‘python’ is selected for use and when:
The times it matters is when ‘python’ is issued either in a shell or in
a script via “env python”. In this case, the first ‘python’ found in the
shell PATH is used. Thus, issuing “sudo port select python python27”
means that, more often than not, ‘python’ will result in the MP version
(2.7) being executed. Which in general is OK. When you need to use the
OSX system one you can always do that by either removing /opt/local/bin
from PATH or by specifying “env /usr/bin/python”; there are other ways
too. But, as a general use-case having “which python” result in
/opt/local/bin/python is not a bad idea.
-That said-, you should never rely on a specific “python” being the one
you expect it to be. If you want a specific Python, you’ll red to test
for it or just specify it up front, e.g., “/opt/local/bin/python2.7”.
Hope this continues to help! - MLD
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