Channel setting for USRP

GNU Radio
1

Hi all,
I want to transmit the data between two USRP’s and make them communicate
with each other. But I guess the packets are not being received
properly.
My USRP daughterboard model is XCVR2450. When I am running
./benchmark_tx.py -f 2.435G, it is starting to transmit the packets but
a small error occured given below,

linux; GNU C++ version 4.8.4; Boost_105500;
UHD_003.009.git-144-g407e3086

Using Volk machine: avx_64_mmx
– Opening a USRP1 device…
– Using FPGA clock rate of 64.000000MHz…

No gain specified.
Setting gain to 7.500000 (from [-20.000000, 35.000000])

UHD Warning:
The hardware does not support the requested TX sample rate:
Target sample rate: 0.050000 MSps
Actual sample rate: 0.250000 MSps

Symbol Rate: 25000.000000
Requested sps: 2.000000
Given sample rate: 250000.000000
Actual sps for rate: 10.000000

Requested sample rate: 50000.000000
Actual sample rate: 250000.000000
…U…terminate
called after throwing an instance of ‘uhd::runtime_error’
what(): RuntimeError: usb tx2 transfer status: 1
Aborted (core dumped).

But towards the receiver side, I gave the command ./benchmark_rx.py -f
2.435GG,it has shown the result given below with n_right=0.

linux; GNU C++ version 4.8.4; Boost_105500;
UHD_003.009.git-144-g407e3086

Using Volk machine: avx_64_mmx
– Opening a USRP1 device…
– Using FPGA clock rate of 64.000000MHz…

No gain specified.
Setting gain to 56.250000 (from [0.000000, 112.500000])

UHD Warning:
The hardware does not support the requested RX sample rate:
Target sample rate: 0.050000 MSps
Actual sample rate: 0.250000 MSps

Symbol Rate: 25000.000000
Requested sps: 2.000000
Given sample rate: 250000.000000
Actual sps for rate: 10.000000

Requested sample rate: 50000.000000
Actual sample rate: 250000.000000
ok = False pktno = 53034 n_rcvd = 1 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 24 n_rcvd = 2 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 35 n_rcvd = 3 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 44 n_rcvd = 4 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 46 n_rcvd = 5 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 46 n_rcvd = 6 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 3872 n_rcvd = 7 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 12304 n_rcvd = 8 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 49 n_rcvd = 9 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 50 n_rcvd = 10 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 54 n_rcvd = 11 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 200 n_rcvd = 12 n_right = 0
ok = False pktno = 63 n_rcvd = 13 n_right = 0

How would I be able to know if the USRP is maintained in the same
channel?What commands do I need to give so that the packet is received
correctly as n_right=1.
My USRP can access in the range of 2.4GHZ to 5GHZ. Please advice as to
what I can do. Thanks

Regards,
John

2

Hi John or Ravi,

I don’t know whether your questions have been solved. I think Tom has
extensively discussed [1] a lot of things that can happen here, so
you’re aware of the fact that transmission-wise, there’s the whole world
of radio channel that could distort your signal.

So let’s talk a bit about what’s wrong with the hardware settings you
use:

Transmitter

No gain specified.
You should really specify the gain. That defines how much power comes
out of your antenna. For a start, you might want to use a moderately
high setting, so something like 25 would be good.
Actual sample rate: 250000.000000
I you must really fix that. As I’ve explained two weeks ago:
as the warning says, the sampling rates you’re trying to use on both
TX and RX side are lower than the minimum sampling rates. You should
fix that. It’s not hard, you just need basic understanding of what the
program does.
To spell this out: the data rate together with the samples per symbol
define your sample rate. For your USRP, this rate must be at least
250kS/s. The effect of you not correcting your flow graph is that the
script generates a signal that the USRP converts to an analog signal at
five times the speed that you specify – this means all frequencies with
your complex baseband are five times as high!

…U…
Oh, that’s bad. You’re seeing an U like “Underrun”, which means your PC
was too slow at supplying samples to the USRP. This seriously breaks
your signal. Now, I don’t know your computer, but I know that 250kS/s is
really no load for any PC nowadays – I haven’t seen any PC being too
slow for this very low rate. How old is your PC? Are you doing something
else on it? Or are you running in a virtual machine?

terminate
called after throwing an instance of ‘uhd::runtime_error’
what(): RuntimeError: usb tx2 transfer status: 1
Aborted (core dumped).
That’s even worse. It can happen if you cancel the script using
“ctrl+c”, but this looks like there is something seriously wrong with
your USB2 controller. Again, what computer are you using?

Receiver

No gain specified.
Setting gain to 56.250000 (from [0.000000, 112.500000])
The same as above. More gain = more signal power, but don’t overdo it.
You will need to experiment. As Tom explained, letting the transmitter
run and observing the spectrum with something like usrp_spectrum_sense
will help you determine settings that make sense. First, however, I can
not stress this enough, fix your sample rate issue!

Requested sample rate: 50000.000000
Actual sample rate: 250000.000000
The same as above. Both your RX and your TX are running at 250kS/s
instead of the 50kS/s that you specified. Luckily, this means that the
effect kind of cancels itself out – still, fix that!

General*

How would I be able to know if the USRP is maintained in the same
channel?
You set both TX and RX to the same frequency, and since there is only
one physical medium (the space between the RX and TX antenna), you can
be sure. There’s no concept like “this specific part of spectrum belongs
to channel number 12” in the physical world – just frequencies, and
Maxwell’s Equations governing the propagation of radio waves.

What commands do I need to give so that the packet is received
correctly as n_right=1.
Tom has explained enough that it’s not like that. You will need to find
out yourself.

Best regards,
Marcus

PS: Do you have a preferred name to address you by? “Ravi” is as fine to
me as “John”, so I’d suggest you pick one and stick with that, because
it’s less confusing.

[1] “Communication Problems between 2 USRP” email thred

3

Hi John or Ravi,

I don’t know whether your questions have been solved. I think Tom has
extensively discussed [1] a lot of things that can happen here, so
you’re aware of the fact that transmission-wise, there’s the whole world
of radio channel that could distort your signal.

So let’s talk a bit about what’s wrong with the hardware settings you
use:

Transmitter

No gain specified.
You should really specify the gain. That defines how much power comes
out of your antenna. For a start, you might want to use a moderately
high setting, so something like 25 would be good.
Actual sample rate: 250000.000000
I you must really fix that. As I’ve explained two weeks ago:
as the warning says, the sampling rates you’re trying to use on both
TX and RX side are lower than the minimum sampling rates. You should
fix that. It’s not hard, you just need basic understanding of what the
program does.
To spell this out: the data rate together with the samples per symbol
define your sample rate. For your USRP, this rate must be at least
250kS/s. The effect of you not correcting your flow graph is that the
script generates a signal that the USRP converts to an analog signal at
five times the speed that you specify – this means all frequencies with
your complex baseband are five times as high!

…U…
Oh, that’s bad. You’re seeing an U like “Underrun”, which means your PC
was too slow at supplying samples to the USRP. This seriously breaks
your signal. Now, I don’t know your computer, but I know that 250kS/s is
really no load for any PC nowadays – I haven’t seen any PC being too
slow for this very low rate. How old is your PC? Are you doing something
else on it? Or are you running in a virtual machine?

terminate
called after throwing an instance of ‘uhd::runtime_error’
what(): RuntimeError: usb tx2 transfer status: 1
Aborted (core dumped).
That’s even worse. It can happen if you cancel the script using
“ctrl+c”, but this looks like there is something seriously wrong with
your USB2 controller. Again, what computer are you using?

Receiver

No gain specified.
Setting gain to 56.250000 (from [0.000000, 112.500000])
The same as above. More gain = more signal power, but don’t overdo it.
You will need to experiment. As Tom explained, letting the transmitter
run and observing the spectrum with something like usrp_spectrum_sense
will help you determine settings that make sense. First, however, I can
not stress this enough, fix your sample rate issue!

Requested sample rate: 50000.000000
Actual sample rate: 250000.000000
The same as above. Both your RX and your TX are running at 250kS/s
instead of the 50kS/s that you specified. Luckily, this means that the
effect kind of cancels itself out – still, fix that!

General*

How would I be able to know if the USRP is maintained in the same
channel?
You set both TX and RX to the same frequency, and since there is only
one physical medium (the space between the RX and TX antenna), you can
be sure. There’s no concept like “this specific part of spectrum belongs
to channel number 12” in the physical world – just frequencies, and
Maxwell’s Equations governing the propagation of radio waves.

What commands do I need to give so that the packet is received
correctly as n_right=1.
Tom has explained enough that it’s not like that. You will need to find
out yourself.

Best regards,
Marcus

PS: Do you have a preferred name to address you by? “Ravi” is as fine to
me as “John”, so I’d suggest you pick one and stick with that, because
it’s less confusing.

[1] “Communication Problems between 2 USRP” email thread