Reference:
http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/vframe.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/178606
I’m a recent convert myself. I was convinced by this blog that I found
via
O’Reilly:
I will finish a project at work, where I use a powerful, pre-existing
Python
interface to a C++ library. Then, sadly, I’m done with Python (as soon
as
Ruby2.0 is out, fixing some annoyances).
The best place to look is The Ruby Way. There is a 20-page appendix for
Python converts, and another for Perl. Also read the 50 pages of Chapter
1,
especially the gotchas under “Things to Remember”. That’s really all you
need, coming from either Python or Perl. (It will take some time to
understand blocks and continuations, but you don’t have to use them.)
There is a list of some differences with Python in [ruby-talk:01528]
ruby
<=> python
http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/vframe.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1528
By far, the biggest gotcha is that 0 does not equal false. Another is
that
some mutating functions return nil when they change nothing, so you get
unexpected exceptions from strung-together expressions like:
foo().gsub!().bar()
The number of similarities is amazing, partly because Ruby and Python
borrow
from similar sources, and sometimes each other. E.g.
- raise RuntimeError, msg
- yield
- def/class
- for i in list
- [1,2,3]
- *args (and keyword args in Ruby2.0)
- default function parameters
- ‘.’ for method calls
I’ve put together my own table of some differences. Semicolons indicate
related lines. Otherwise, separate statements represent other ways to do
the
same thing. (Hopefully, the HTML formatting works.)
Python
Ruby
type(42) → <type ‘int’>
42.class → Fixnum
1e6
1.0e6
type(1e6) → <type ‘float’>
1.0e6 # not 1.e6
1.0e6.class → Float
“Hello, %s” %(name)
‘Hello, %s’ %s(name)
type(‘’) → <type ‘str’>
“Hello, #{name}” # not single quotes
‘’.class → String
“Hello\backslash \n newline”
‘Hello\backslash \n no newline’
print func(x)
puts func x
puts(func(x))
puts func(x)
puts(func x)
a = 4
A = 5
a = 4 # lower case
class C: pass
class c: pass
class C end # upper case
NOT_CONST = 5;
NOT_CONST = 6
CONST = 5;
CONST = 6 → warning (upper case)
var
global: $var
instance: @var
classvar: @@var
None
nil
False, None,
[], {}, 0, ‘’
false, nil, FALSE, NIL # all others are true
arr = []
arr = list()
arr = ()
arr = tuple()
arr = []
arr = Array.new
no tuples, but …
arr = [1,2,3].freeze
assoc_arr = {}
assoc_arr = dict()
assoc_arr = {}
assoc_arr = Hash.new
a = {};
a[42] → IndexError
a = {};
a[42] → nil
a = Hash.new(2001);
a[42] → 2001;
a.keys → []
if x:
do_something()
elif y:
do_something_else()
else:
do_anything()
if x # no colons
do_something
elsif # Note spelling
do_something_else
else
do_anything
end # Must have
do_something if x # no ‘end’ here
while x and y:
do_something
while x and y
do_something
end
begin
do_something
end while false
Here, do_something occurs once!
(Matz deprecates this usage.)
do_something while false
Here, do_something never happens.
result = os.popen(command).read()
result = #{command}
results = IO.popen(command, ‘r’).gets
re.compile(stuff)
Regexp.new(stuff)
/stuff/
%r{stuff}
regex.search(s)
s ~= regex
returns position
Note: 0 is not false
return x
return x
x # ‘return’ is not needed
class Dog(Animal, Friend):
normal = 0
def init(self):
self.happiness = Dog.normal
def wag(self, speed):
self.happiness = speed
class Dog < Animal
@@normal = 0
def initialize()
@happiness = @@normal
end
def wag(speed)
@happiness = speed
end
end
try:
try:
do_it()
finally:
undo_it()
except RuntimeError, exception:
print exception
except:
print “Unexpected”
else:
print “No exception raised.”
begin
do_it()
rescue RuntimeError => exception
puts exception
rescue exc
puts “Unexpected”, exc
else
puts “No exception raised.”
ensure
undoit()
end