# Why SVN?

**URL:** <https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576>\
**Category:** Ruby\
**Created:** [March 12, 2007, 8:26pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576 "2007-03-12T20:26:32Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 20\
**Page:** 3

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**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 15, 2007, 7:27am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/41 "2007-03-15T07:27:18Z")

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On 14 Mar 2007, at 20:46, Austin Z. wrote:  
[snip]

> Distributed systems fit very few development models.  
> [snip]

Not true in my experience. Every place I’ve worked in the last couple  
of years has had to deal with developers that don’t always have  
online access to the repo, or are in locations where connectivity  
sucks so badly to their home location that it might as well not exist.

In fact every place I’ve every worked ever has had those problems -  
its just that we only had solutions recently 🙂

Don’t get my wrong. I love Subversion. My home repo has been running  
it for years and I’m in the process of moving $work over to it.

But I’ve been using SVK to as my primary client to access those  
repositories for ages - and I wouldn’t want to go back to not being  
able to commit on the train 🙂

Cheers,

Adrian

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 15, 2007, 8:27am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/42 "2007-03-15T08:27:23Z")

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On Mar 14, 9:07 pm, “Austin Z.” [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> People say that distributed systems have cheap branching, but I find  
> that very hard to believe, since (at least in the ones that I’ve  
> tried, and I have a hard time imagining how others would differ) the  
> branches are physical copies in a different location. That’s cheap for  
> the making, yes, but your total storage cost goes up (since none of  
> the advantages of having a single repository can be found) and it then  
> becomes possible to _lose_ branches from your repository (cf fragility  
> above).

I have actually given that some thought. While not the case presently,  
I think eventually this will become a mute point. Ultimately file  
systems themselves will manage data redundancy. I think of it as  
“holographic” memory. I don’t know why exactly as it has nothing much  
to do with actual holographs, but it sounds cool 😉

For fun I started writing a version control system in Ruby just to get  
a better understanding of the concepts. Turns out not to be so hard  
really --at least for a simple model.

In any case, as far your advice. I’m taking it, but with Matz’ twist.  
My two main projects consist of many subprojects. I figure I can use  
Subversion on the project as a whole, but Git on each subproject. Well  
that’s the theory. Let you know how it goes.

T.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 15, 2007, 9:18am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/43 "2007-03-15T09:18:29Z")

</div>

On Thu, Mar 15, 2007 at 04:26:52PM +0900, Trans wrote:

> > becomes possible to _lose_ branches from your repository (cf fragility  
> > above).
> 
> I have actually given that some thought. While not the case presently,  
> I think eventually this will become a mute point. Ultimately file  
> systems themselves will manage data redundancy. I think of it as  
> “holographic” memory. I don’t know why exactly as it has nothing much  
> to do with actual holographs, but it sounds cool 😉

The term “holographic”, in reference to data storage and similar  
subjects, refers to a three dimensional indexing system. The term  
“holographic memory” is already in use, generally involving  
next-generation storage technologies that involve high density data  
storage indexed three-dimensionally in photopolymers or crystalline  
structures.

While I’m waxing pedantic, I may as well point out that the word you  
wanted was probably “moot”, not “mute”.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 15, 2007, 7:37pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/44 "2007-03-15T19:37:11Z")

</div>

On 3/15/07, Trans [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> I think eventually this will become a mute point. Ultimately file  
> systems themselves will manage data redundancy. I think of it as  
> “holographic” memory. I don’t know why exactly as it has nothing much  
> to do with actual holographs, but it sounds cool 😉

As someone who works in the storage and backup industry, it will not  
be a moot point.

> For fun I started writing a version control system in Ruby just to get  
> a better understanding of the concepts. Turns out not to be so hard  
> really --at least for a simple model.

That’s actually what people think; it isn’t, in fact, as simple as  
people think it is once you start scaling. Git works for Linux because  
it fits that specific development model. Other systems generally have  
to be more flexible.

-austin

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 15, 2007, 2:59pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/45 "2007-03-15T14:59:20Z")

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On Mar 15, 4:17 am, Chad P. [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> > > becomes possible to _lose_ branches from your repository (cf fragility  
> > > “holographic memory” is already in use, generally involving  
> > > next-generation storage technologies that involve high density data  
> > > storage indexed three-dimensionally in photopolymers or crystalline  
> > > structures.

Thanks. I’m aware. I’m using the term loosely, basically based on  
concepts drawn from the book “The Holographic Universe” --the idea  
that something thing can be in two different places at the same time.  
I also view the the human brain something like holographic storage  
using a form of reference and signal interference. In any case, I take  
your point. I’m sure a better name already exists --I just don’t know  
what it is.

> While I’m waxing pedantic, I may as well point out that the word you  
> wanted was probably “moot”, not “mute”.

Yep. I make that silly mistake all the time. But I’m a fan of Mark  
Twain for more than one reason.

T.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 12:03am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/46 "2007-03-19T00:03:31Z")

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On Mar 18, 2007, at 5:45 PM, Thomas H. wrote:

> Developer A is working on a major task. He has already changed a lot  
> of software locally. Now A gets aware that he needs B doing some  
> modifications in some other modules where B is the real expert.  
> Neither A nor B can propagate his own changes solely, because that  
> would break the build for all other developers. This is a normal  
> branch situation, but the branch situation has been recognized very  
> late. In addition A and B have to work some more time on the common  
> task, which means that they have to interchange and synchronize their  
> software releases several times without disturbing the others.

I’m just learning SVN, but can’t this problem be handled as follows:

- Create a branch in the repository
- Developer A uses svn switch to associate their local files with the  
new branch
- Developer A commits their changes to the branch
- Developer B checks out the branch

I’m not trying to make any point re: distributed vs centralized  
repositories  
I’m just trying to determine if I understand how this might be  
handled in SVN.

Gary W.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 18, 2007, 10:45pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/47 "2007-03-18T22:45:23Z")

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“Tim B.” [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote/schrieb  
[removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid):

> working offline is, with the exception of maybe a short stint on a  
> plane or train, not that common nowadays.

Working offline is not the only situation where a distributed version  
control system may be better. How about the following situation.

Developer A is working on a major task. He has already changed a lot  
of software locally. Now A gets aware that he needs B doing some  
modifications in some other modules where B is the real expert.  
Neither A nor B can propagate his own changes solely, because that  
would break the build for all other developers. This is a normal  
branch situation, but the branch situation has been recognized very  
late. In addition A and B have to work some more time on the common  
task, which means that they have to interchange and synchronize their  
software releases several times without disturbing the others.

In a distributed system A and B just pull from each other as often as  
they need to get the task done. Full propagation (resp. integration,  
in a central system) will follow then, but not earlier.

Regards  
Thomas

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 1:20am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/48 "2007-03-19T01:20:37Z")

</div>

Gary W. wrote:

> - Developer A uses svn switch to associate their local files  
> with the new branch
> - Developer A commits their changes to the branch
> - Developer B checks out the branch

If I understand the presented scenario correctly then you are  
absolutely correct.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 2:19pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/49 "2007-03-19T14:19:44Z")

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On 3/19/07, Robert D. [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> > > > So I’m wondering, what’s so special about SVN as opposed to the other
> > 
> > people such absolutes. So please, enlighten me.
> 
> So consider twice putting him into your kill file.
> 
> And yes of course Austin you have the right to holler at me, I was  
> quite harsh…

I know very well who he is. I don’t really care who he is if he makes  
a large and absolute claim w/o backing it up. No special cases for  
contributors either. I don’t think the acts are mutually exclusive.  
This is one of the most beautiful things about the Ruby community. The  
fact that some people even question Matz sometimes about his thoughts  
and proposals is a sign of good health. No blind worship to be found  
here please.

Now given that, I wasn’t about to kill-file him. I don’t mind just  
archiving or deleting email I don’t like. Kill-filing seems to be a  
bit far for most cases (Ilias might have pushed that line though 😉  
). He did an excellent job replying to my original concerns and made  
his claim fair.

While I didn’t really agree with what he would do in my cases, I found  
it much more logical once he put his position into the picture. It  
rather enriched the conversation in my opinion but w/o that, it really  
put a dull spin on things leaving a void of an answer just sitting  
there.

A lot of people have my respect and thanks. Austin is one of them. I  
will still try to play a fair game here still. Holler at me and call  
me a troll if I don’t.

Thanks,  
Brian.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 11:13am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/50 "2007-03-19T11:13:29Z")

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On 3/14/07, Brian M. [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> > > choices? Is it because SVN is more like CVS than the other choices?  
> > > Distributed systems fit very few development models.
> 
> Brian.

Austin a TROLL??? Well maybe he has adopted a troll like language but  
I believe that you should see the context of all his contributions.

I defend him because I dislike him a lot and I find his Unix hatery  
quite boring.  
BUT he is a very valuable contributor.

So consider twice putting him into your kill file.

And yes of course Austin you have the right to holler at me, I was  
quite harsh…

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 2:33pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/51 "2007-03-19T14:33:50Z")

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On 3/19/07, Brian M. [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> > > > don’t transfer there.  
> > > > I think it is only fair that you share why if you plan on telling  
> > > > BUT he is a very valuable contributor.  
> > > > fact that some people even question Matz sometimes about his thoughts  
> > > > it much more logical once he put his position into the picture. It  
> > > > rather enriched the conversation in my opinion but w/o that, it really  
> > > > put a dull spin on things leaving a void of an answer just sitting  
> > > > there.
> 
> A lot of people have my respect and thanks. Austin is one of them. I  
> will still try to play a fair game here still. Holler at me and call  
> me a troll if I don’t.

Why would I do that? It is rather me who is wrong, I actually thought  
that you are a newbie, what a memory I have, and I thought it might be  
a good occasion to say what I think and warn someone not to lose vital  
information.

So I just made a fool out of myself, great.

I can only apologize for the misjudgment of the situation…  
I do that quite often though lately ☹

> Thanks,  
> Brian.

Robert

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 3:49pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/52 "2007-03-19T15:49:26Z")

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On 3/12/07, Trans [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> Solid Darcs Faster  
> Popular Stronger  
> Supported Better
> 
> Not that Darcs hasn’t been good to me.
> 
> 🙂 T.

I would agree with a picture like that 🙂

I mostly only check out projects, and recently I saw some that switched  
to git.

From the checkout/compile point of view git is pretty much the same as  
cvs. But once I had to make a modification it became different. In the  
end I found working with the modifications easier and cleaner.  
However, I would be very disappointed if I found myself on Windows and  
could not use git because of that.

The possibility of working offline is important for people who have  
experience with crappy net coverage. I would count myself in, but I  
understand that in some places such issues are nonexistent.

It looks like the distributed systems are new and more powerful which  
means people have to get used to it. And many probably never will.  
Also some features like crossplatform support have to be ironed out.  
So I would guess the only reason to use them right now would be  
experimenting or some features that are not easily obtained elsewhere.

Thanks

Michal

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 9:58pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/53 "2007-03-19T21:58:21Z")

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On 3/19/07, Austin Z. [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> I’m not sure what you’re reading, Robert, but in no way am I a Unix  
> \* removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid

Fisrt of all thx for replying in this cool way I appreciate.  
Sorry Austin if I do not read your mails carefully enough, I will try  
to change this.  
But I was pushed by the rather err aggressive wording of yours to come  
to that conclusion.  
If that conclusion was jumped you did very well to tell me nicely as  
you are very credible in this way.

I freely admit that there is an OS that I hate, maybe I should shout  
that out loudly even if it is politically incorrect instead of  
compensating by believing that others hate Linux/Unix.

In the end it is me who behaved trollish here, kind of some old untold  
frustration about somebody hollering at my beloved Linux/GNU/Cygwin.

I really appreciate the way you were handling this…

Best regards  
Robert

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 4:43pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/54 "2007-03-19T16:43:26Z")

</div>

On 3/19/07, Robert D. [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> Austin a TROLL??? Well maybe he has adopted a troll like language but  
> I believe that you should see the context of all his contributions.
> 
> I defend him because I dislike him a lot and I find his Unix hatery  
> quite boring.  
> BUT he is a very valuable contributor.

Hatery?

I’m not sure what you’re reading, Robert, but in no way am I a Unix  
hater. At work, I’m now running Ubuntu as my primary desktop (with  
Windows as a VM) and have switched to OS X at home. I develop  
professionally for Linux, AIX, Solaris, and HP-UX – and Windows. What  
I refuse to do is to accept Unix-only solutions for things, because  
that’s just chauvinism that has no place in Ruby, IMO.

-austin

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 19, 2007, 10:24pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/55 "2007-03-19T22:24:28Z")

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On 3/19/07, Austin Z. [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> I’m not sure what you’re reading, Robert, but in no way am I a Unix  
> hater. At work, I’m now running Ubuntu as my primary desktop (with  
> Windows as a VM) and have switched to OS X at home. I develop  
> professionally for Linux, AIX, Solaris, and HP-UX – and Windows. What  
> I refuse to do is to accept Unix-only solutions for things, because  
> that’s just chauvinism that has no place in Ruby, IMO.

Yes, port to such alien environment like WIndows is the litmus test of  
portability 🙂

As one should not accept solutions that “work for the 90% of users”  
(on Windows only), one should not accept solutions that exclude about  
half of the users (the Windows users).

Thanks

Michal

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 21, 2007, 10:30am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/56 "2007-03-21T10:30:26Z")

</div>

> Professionally, I use subversion, though my team is looking to migrate  
> to something that does a better job at branch management and merging.

I have been thinking a lot about this too; the rule about not checking  
in broken code seems to mitigate some of the agility that I’d like to  
have. If I make progress and check in a branch, then I can delete what  
I damn please in my further attempts to get it working. I will always  
have those revisions to start from if it turns out my deleting was too  
hasty. If I keep it local until it’s passing tests, I don’t have that  
(but I can often approximate it by commenting lines out).

I plan to do a lot of branching for this reason. I have noticed,  
though, that it is done somewhat sparingly in many of the repos I’ve  
seen. Perhaps this is primarily related to project maturity, software  
type, community circumstances. But I wonder if open source would be  
that much more agile if the casual branching I described was more  
common. It could be a bit like putting heads together to get it  
working, begging feedback and brainstorm at more steps along the way,  
rather than waiting until the code works to check in. Conversely, if  
branching and merging is difficult enough that this luxury would rather  
slow down the team, does the issue seem like one that can be addressed  
in a future release, or is it an unavoidable consequence of svn’s other  
features? Mostly rhetorical here.

Last thing. svn has a new sync feature. Does this make it [more]  
usable as a distributed repo?

-Mike  
[-just got hired through [workingwithrails.com](http://workingwithrails.com); extremely humbled to join  
the ranks of professional rubyists!]

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 21, 2007, 4:30pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/57 "2007-03-21T16:30:46Z")

</div>

On 21 mar, 10:49, Adrian H. [removed\_email\_address@domain.invalid](mailto:removed_email_address@domain.invalid) wrote:

> You might want to consider using SVK as your client (if you’re happy  
> using the command line). It’s a distributed system built on top of  
> subversion - so you can mirror subversion repos locally and push/pull  
> changes between your local copy and the main one.
> 
> I’ve been using it for about a year as my primary way of talking to  
> subversion and have been very happy with it.

Adrian, I’d love to hear more about your workflow. Could you give an  
example of how you use this set-up for things like branching and  
merging?

Cheers,  
Greg

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 21, 2007, 10:50am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/58 "2007-03-21T10:50:47Z")

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On 21 Mar 2007, at 09:30, Mike S. wrote:

> have those revisions to start from if it turns out my deleting was too  
> hasty. If I keep it local until it’s passing tests, I don’t have that  
> (but I can often approximate it by commenting lines out).  
> [snip]

You might want to consider using SVK as your client (if you’re happy  
using the command line). It’s a distributed system built on top of  
subversion - so you can mirror subversion repos locally and push/pull  
changes between your local copy and the main one.

I’ve been using it for about a year as my primary way of talking to  
subversion and have been very happy with it.

Cheers,

Adrian

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [March 21, 2007, 4:53pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/59 "2007-03-21T16:53:48Z")

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On 21 Mar 2007, at 15:30, Greg H. wrote:

> Adrian, I’d love to hear more about your workflow. Could you give an  
> example of how you use this set-up for things like branching and  
> merging?

Assuming $R is my “master” subversion repository I do something like  
this

1. At the start of a project set up a mirror…

2. … and a local branch

3. Check out a working copy into the foo directory

4. Pull changes down from the central server

I can then merrily work away in my local foo working copy committing  
to my local branch on my local machine. When I want to push my  
changes back to the central server I do

```
 svk push --verbatim foo

```

(The --verbatim bit reproduces the commits you made to the local repo  
on the remote one, rather than merging them into one big commit.  
Makes it easier to track changes)

That’s basically it.

Cheers,

Adrian

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/dfb087/32.png) [@Trans](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Trans)\
**Post date:** [April 3, 2007, 4:59am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/why-svn/88576/60 "2007-04-03T04:59:12Z")

</div>

On Monday 12 March 2007 10:51 pm, Brian M. wrote:

> things up to date. Of course, that isn’t to say that avoiding merge  
> work always works either.
> 
> With all of this talk about SVN vs. anything not CVS, I would love to  
> see some ideas of how one could apply an svn interface to an existing  
> distributed tool. Some get close but maybe someone should make a  
> centralized “porcelain” for git? I don’t see any reason you couldn’t  
> implement a good portion of behaviors people seem to like.

I’m just catching up on some old email (so my comment may be far off the  
mark  
(or out of date)), but you (anybody 😉 might want to look into svk (try  
googling for it).

I haven’t tried it, but it was recommended to me as sort of a front end  
that  
would let me:

- use svn type commands
- maintain a local and remote repository (i.e., distributed)
- and the remote repository could be a variety of things, including  
CVS,  
SVN, Darcs, and …?

Randy K.

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