# USRP Input Calibration / CIC Filter Response **URL:** \ **Category:** GNU Radio\ **Created:** [March 19, 2009, 10:44pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/usrp-input-calibration-cic-filter-response/163400 "2009-03-19T22:44:38Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 5\ **Page:** 1
**Author:** ![Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/e/cc9497/32.png) [@Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Erich_Stuntebeck)\ **Post date:** [March 19, 2009, 10:44pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/usrp-input-calibration-cic-filter-response/163400/1 "2009-03-19T22:44:38Z")
Hi, I’m trying to calibrate the USRP so I can get true dBm readings out of it. I’m using an LFRX card with 16 decimation and a center frequency of 2 MHz so I can look at the range from DC - 4 MHz. I hooked up a signal generator and swept it through the DC - 4 MHz range at 100 kHz intervals and generated the plot here: [http://ice.cc.gt.atl.ga.us/usrp\_adc\_response.jpg](http://ice.cc.gt.atl.ga.us/usrp_adc_response.jpg) The signal generator produced a -36 dBm signal for each frequency, and the y-axis of this plot is the output of the USRP’s ADC in dB. (20 \* log10 of the appropriate FFT bin for the frequency of interest, using an 8192 point FFT). My question is what is causing the particular shape of this response. I’m guessing it has to do with the CIC filter, but I can’t seem to reconcile my output with the plots from this post on the CIC filter’s response: [http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/discuss-gnuradio/2007-05/msg00191.html](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/discuss-gnuradio/2007-05/msg00191.html) …particularly this plot: [http://www.nabble.com/file/8500/(0%20-%2032)MHz](http://www.nabble.com/file/8500/(0%20-%2032)MHz))%20CIC%20Frequency%20Response%20(CIC%20decimation%20%3D32).JPG Can someone please explain what’s going on here? My end goal is to fit an equation to the dB “correction factor” I calculate in order to normalize across the entire 4 MHz chunk of spectrum. Thanks, Erich ---
**Author:** ![Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/e/cc9497/32.png) [@Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Erich_Stuntebeck)\ **Post date:** [March 20, 2009, 12:56am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/usrp-input-calibration-cic-filter-response/163400/2 "2009-03-20T00:56:59Z")
On Thursday 19 March 2009 22:43:56 Erich Stuntebeck wrote: > The signal generator produced a -36 dBm signal for each frequency, and > the y-axis of this plot is the output of the USRP’s ADC in dB. (20 \* > log10 of the appropriate FFT bin for the frequency of interest, using > an 8192 point FFT). > > My question is what is causing the particular shape of this response. > I’m guessing it has to do with the CIC filter, but I can’t seem to > reconcile my output with the plots from this post on the CIC filter’s > response: I think there are two parts - dampening at 0 and 4 MHz: This is most probably the typical CIC shape, [sin(x)/x]^4 (four CIC stages) - “500kHz Ripple”: this is most probably an artifact due to how you generate the response. There might be a small frequency offset between the USRP and your signal generator. The USRP oscillator is specified to be 64MHz +/- x ppm (parts per million, x either 20 or 50 depending on USRP revision). If you take the power just from a single bin, you may use the wrong bin. One possibility would be to take several bins around the “correct” bin and sum up the powers of these bins. Actually, you dont need the fft at all, you can just calculate the power of the incoming signal in the time domain. A somewhat related question: which firmware are you using - with or without halfband filter? Regards, Stefan – Stefan Brüns / Bergstraße 21 / 52062 Aachen phone: +49 241 53809034 mobile: +49 151 50412019 ---
**Author:** ![Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/e/cc9497/32.png) [@Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Erich_Stuntebeck)\ **Post date:** [March 20, 2009, 4:11am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/usrp-input-calibration-cic-filter-response/163400/3 "2009-03-20T04:11:17Z")
On Thu, Mar 19, 2009 at 05:43:56PM -0400, Erich Stuntebeck wrote: > The signal generator produced a -36 dBm signal for each frequency, and What is the daughterboard gain set to? If you look at the time domain samples, what is their range? You might try increasing the power a bit and see if anything changes. Did you collect that data with usrp\_rx\_cfile.py? If so, what was the exact command line that you used? What kind of a signal generator are you using? Have you tried sweeping the same way into a spectrum analyzer? If so, what did you see? Eric ---
**Author:** ![Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/e/cc9497/32.png) [@Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Erich_Stuntebeck)\ **Post date:** [March 24, 2009, 11:48am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/usrp-input-calibration-cic-filter-response/163400/4 "2009-03-24T11:48:17Z")
On Mon, Mar 23, 2009 at 12:58:17PM -0400, Erich Stuntebeck wrote: > I’m using the firmware without the half-band filter. > > The signal generator is an Agilent 33220A. I don’t have a spectrum > analyzer, but I do have two of the 33220A’s and they both perform the > same way so I’m guessing its not a calibration issue with the signal > generator. Thanks, Erich. Without seeing the time domain samples, I’m guessing that the gain is too low and/or the input is too low, and that what you’re seeing is the result of only a few of the least significant bits moving in received samples. That is, you’re not using the full dynamic range of the signal processing pipeline. I suggest running it again with the Rx gain set to its maximum value. Let us know how it turns out. Eric ---
**Author:** ![Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/e/cc9497/32.png) [@Erich\_Stuntebeck](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Erich_Stuntebeck)\ **Post date:** [March 24, 2009, 3:06pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/usrp-input-calibration-cic-filter-response/163400/5 "2009-03-24T15:06:03Z")
On Mon, Mar 23, 2009 at 10:44:21AM -0700, Eric B. wrote: > > the bin nearby with the maximum amplitude. > > > > I’m using the firmware without the half-band filter. > > > > The signal generator is an Agilent 33220A. I don’t have a spectrum > > analyzer, but I do have two of the 33220A’s and they both perform the > > same way so I’m guessing its not a calibration issue with the signal > > generator. A person who desires to remain anonymous passes on this comment: ``` eric, i saw your response on the mailing list (below). i think the problem has nothing to do with gain. in my opinion the mistake is that erich is using FFT without ``` applying a window-function first. in other words, he’s using a ‘rectangle’ window. a rectangle window is a bad choice for amplitude flatness measurements, because the amplitude response depends on whether the signal is at bin center, or between 2 bins (the worst case). there is a difference of ~3.7dB between these two scenarios. ``` if he wants to measure flatness, he should use a window function ``` which is designed to give the same amplitude response for any frequency, be it bin-centered of not. a ‘flattop’ window (google for it) is recommended in that case - it has 0.02dB flatness.