# Two questions re VOLK armv7 **URL:** \ **Category:** GNU Radio\ **Created:** [July 4, 2015, 5:33am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/two-questions-re-volk-armv7/242578 "2015-07-04T05:33:58Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 3\ **Page:** 1
**Author:** ![musicdenotation](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/m/ea666f/32.png) [@musicdenotation](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/musicdenotation)\ **Post date:** [July 4, 2015, 5:33am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/two-questions-re-volk-armv7/242578/1 "2015-07-04T05:33:58Z")
1: To get VOLK to compile correctly under gnuradio, I need to include -march=armv7 in CFLAGS (volk/lib/CMakeLists.txt) which I do with a tool chain file with volk git’d outside gnuradio. ``` root@cubieboard4:/mnt/volk# rm CMakeCache.txt; cmake -DCMAKE_USER_MAKE_RULES_OVERRIDE=cmake/Toolchains/armv7.cmake . ``` What is the best way to ensure -march=armv7 gets passed to cmake when building gnuradio? Specify CFLAGS on the command line or the environment? GCC says: root@cubieboard4:/mnt/volk# gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT\_GCC=gcc COLLECT\_LTO\_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.9/lto-wrapper Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf Configured with: …/src/configure -v --with-pkgversion=‘Debian 4.9.2-10’ –with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.9/README.Bugs –enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr –program-suffix=-4.9 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id –libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix –with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.9 --libdir=/usr/lib –enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu –enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes –enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath –enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin –enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo –with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.9-armhf/jre –enable-java-home –with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.9-armhf –with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.9-armhf –with-arch-directory=arm --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar –enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-sjlj-exceptions –with-arch=armv7-a --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-float=hard –with-mode=thumb --enable-checking=release --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf –host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf Thread model: posix gcc version 4.9.2 (Debian 4.9.2-10) 2: Three QA tests fail: The following kernels failed QA: ``` volk_32fc_magnitude_32f volk_32f_sqrt_32f volk_32fc_s32fc_multiply_32fc ``` How do I go about fixing that? I included test output below. root@cubieboard4:/mnt/volk# ./lib/test\_all Using Volk machine: neon\_hardfp RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_64u\_popcntpuppet\_64u(131071,1) generic completed in 0.993ms neon completed in 1.402ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16u\_byteswappuppet\_16u(131071,1) generic completed in 0.478ms neon completed in 0.266ms neon\_table completed in 0.271ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32u\_byteswappuppet\_32u(131071,1) generic completed in 0.762ms neon completed in 0.659ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32u\_popcntpuppet\_32u(131071,1) generic completed in 0.661ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_64u\_byteswappuppet\_64u(131071,1) generic completed in 1.621ms neon completed in 1.136ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_s32fc\_rotatorpuppet\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 11.884ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8u\_conv\_k7\_r2puppet\_8u(131071,0) generic completed in 0.002ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_fm\_detectpuppet\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 2.371ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16ic\_s32f\_deinterleave\_real\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.741ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16ic\_deinterleave\_real\_8i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.509ms neon completed in 0.404ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16ic\_deinterleave\_16i\_x2(131071,1) generic completed in 0.56ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16ic\_s32f\_deinterleave\_32f\_x2(131071,1) generic completed in 1.199ms neon completed in 1.11ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16ic\_deinterleave\_real\_16i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.34ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16ic\_magnitude\_16i(131071,1) generic completed in 2.14ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16ic\_s32f\_magnitude\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 1.413ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16i\_s32f\_convert\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.32ms neon completed in 0.267ms a\_generic completed in 0.25ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16i\_convert\_8i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.218ms neon completed in 0.23ms a\_generic completed in 0.21ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_16i\_32fc\_dot\_prod\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 0.916ms neon completed in 0.773ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_accumulator\_s32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.292ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_add\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.652ms u\_neon completed in 0.607ms a\_generic completed in 0.601ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: u\_neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_32f\_multiply\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 1.002ms neon completed in 0.926ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_log2\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 7.741ms neon completed in 0.888ms u\_generic completed in 7.684ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_expfast\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 27.81ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_pow\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 33.018ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_sin\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 4.454ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_cos\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 5.466ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_tan\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 8.962ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_atan\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 7.27ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_asin\_32f(131071,1) u\_generic completed in 12.883ms Best aligned arch: u\_generic Best unaligned arch: u\_generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_acos\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 13.695ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_s32f\_power\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 163.532ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_s32f\_calc\_spectral\_noise\_floor\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 1.123ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_s32f\_atan2\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 14.414ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_x2\_conjugate\_dot\_prod\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 1.273ms neon completed in 1.033ms a\_generic completed in 1.175ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_deinterleave\_32f\_x2(131071,1) neon completed in 1.234ms generic completed in 1.372ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_deinterleave\_64f\_x2(131071,1) generic completed in 1.932ms a\_generic completed in 2.05ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_s32f\_deinterleave\_real\_16i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.653ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_deinterleave\_imag\_32f(131071,1) neon completed in 0.787ms generic completed in 0.664ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_deinterleave\_real\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.809ms neon completed in 0.669ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_deinterleave\_real\_64f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.918ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_x2\_dot\_prod\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 1.251ms a\_generic completed in 1.258ms neon completed in 1.102ms neon\_opttests completed in 1.176ms neon\_optfma completed in 0.995ms neon\_optfmaunroll completed in 1.212ms Best aligned arch: neon\_optfma Best unaligned arch: neon\_optfma RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_32f\_dot\_prod\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 0.934ms neon\_unroll completed in 0.862ms a\_neon completed in 0.868ms a\_neonasm completed in 0.837ms a\_neonpipeline completed in 0.687ms Best aligned arch: a\_neonpipeline Best unaligned arch: neon\_unroll RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_index\_max\_16u(131071,1) generic completed in 0.875ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_s32f\_magnitude\_16i(131071,1) generic completed in 1.588ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_magnitude\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 1.335ms a\_generic completed in 1.295ms neon completed in 0.673ms neon\_fancy\_sweet completed in 0.924ms offset 0 in1: 0.705791 in2: 0.707031 offset 1 in1: 1.21055 in2: 1.20703 offset 2 in1: 0.453742 in2: 0.453125 offset 3 in1: 0.970181 in2: 0.96875 offset 4 in1: 1.05658 in2: 1.05469 offset 5 in1: 0.821474 in2: 0.818359 offset 6 in1: 0.862105 in2: 0.861328 offset 7 in1: 0.897716 in2: 0.896484 offset 8 in1: 0.796805 in2: 0.796875 offset 9 in1: 0.889502 in2: 0.886719 volk\_32fc\_magnitude\_32f: fail on arch neon offset 0 in1: 0.705791 in2: 0.710017 offset 1 in1: 1.21055 in2: 1.2123 offset 2 in1: 0.453742 in2: 0.451831 offset 3 in1: 0.970181 in2: 0.967088 offset 4 in1: 1.05658 in2: 1.04841 offset 5 in1: 0.821474 in2: 0.826919 offset 6 in1: 0.862105 in2: 0.868165 offset 7 in1: 0.897716 in2: 0.898518 offset 8 in1: 0.796805 in2: 0.804625 offset 9 in1: 0.889502 in2: 0.897857 volk\_32fc\_magnitude\_32f: fail on arch neon\_fancy\_sweet Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon Failure on volk\_32fc\_magnitude\_32f RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_magnitude\_squared\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.672ms neon completed in 0.641ms a\_generic completed in 0.669ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_x2\_multiply\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 1.774ms a\_generic completed in 1.738ms neon completed in 1.218ms neon\_opttests completed in 1.189ms neonasm completed in 1.173ms Best aligned arch: neonasm Best unaligned arch: neonasm RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_x2\_multiply\_conjugate\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 1.82ms neon completed in 1.253ms a\_generic completed in 1.794ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_conjugate\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 0.736ms a\_neon completed in 0.749ms a\_generic completed in 0.653ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_s32f\_convert\_16i(131071,1) generic completed in 3.872ms a\_generic completed in 3.926ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_s32f\_convert\_32i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.782ms a\_generic completed in 0.782ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_convert\_64f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.645ms a\_generic completed in 0.477ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_s32f\_convert\_8i(131071,1) generic completed in 2.2ms a\_generic completed in 2.111ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_s32f\_power\_spectrum\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 13.009ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_x2\_square\_dist\_32f(131071,1) neon completed in 0.738ms generic completed in 0.686ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_x2\_s32f\_square\_dist\_scalar\_mult\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.724ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_divide\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 1.434ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_dot\_prod\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.592ms a\_generic completed in 0.575ms neonopts completed in 0.553ms neon completed in 0.574ms neonasm completed in 0.433ms neonasm\_opts completed in 0.507ms Best aligned arch: neonasm Best unaligned arch: neonasm RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_s32f\_interleave\_16ic(131071,1) generic completed in 0.7ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_interleave\_32fc(131071,1) neon completed in 0.767ms generic completed in 0.748ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_max\_32f(131071,1) neon completed in 0.631ms generic completed in 0.596ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_min\_32f(131071,1) neon completed in 0.721ms generic completed in 0.625ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_multiply\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.737ms neon completed in 0.625ms a\_generic completed in 0.611ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_s32f\_normalize(131071,1) generic completed in 0.632ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_s32f\_power\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 35.731ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_sqrt\_32f(131071,1) neon completed in 0.534ms generic completed in 4.204ms offset 0 in1: 0.68207 in2: 0.681641 offset 2 in1: 0.892081 in2: 0.890625 offset 3 in1: 0.61199 in2: 0.609375 offset 6 in1: 0.406933 in2: 0.405273 offset 7 in1: 0.771893 in2: 0.769531 offset 9 in1: 0.839927 in2: 0.837891 offset 10 in1: 0.833134 in2: 0.832031 offset 11 in1: 0.844083 in2: 0.84375 offset 13 in1: 0.990661 in2: 0.990234 offset 14 in1: 0.879374 in2: 0.878906 volk\_32f\_sqrt\_32f: fail on arch neon Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon Failure on volk\_32f\_sqrt\_32f RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_s32f\_stddev\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.419ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_stddev\_and\_mean\_32f\_x2(131071,1) generic completed in 0.441ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_subtract\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.645ms neon completed in 0.613ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x3\_sum\_of\_poly\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 1.544ms a\_neon completed in 1.059ms neonvert completed in 0.54ms Best aligned arch: neonvert Best unaligned arch: neonvert RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32i\_x2\_and\_32i(131071,1) neon completed in 0.62ms generic completed in 0.588ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32i\_s32f\_convert\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.432ms a\_generic completed in 0.445ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32i\_x2\_or\_32i(131071,1) neon completed in 0.728ms generic completed in 0.7ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_x2\_dot\_prod\_16i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.54ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_64f\_convert\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.829ms a\_generic completed in 0.695ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_64f\_x2\_max\_64f(131071,1) generic completed in 1.368ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_64f\_x2\_min\_64f(131071,1) generic completed in 1.371ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8ic\_deinterleave\_16i\_x2(131071,1) generic completed in 0.419ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8ic\_s32f\_deinterleave\_32f\_x2(131071,1) generic completed in 0.686ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8ic\_deinterleave\_real\_16i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.31ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8ic\_s32f\_deinterleave\_real\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.409ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8ic\_deinterleave\_real\_8i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.173ms neon completed in 0.157ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8ic\_x2\_multiply\_conjugate\_16ic(131071,1) generic completed in 2.468ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8ic\_x2\_s32f\_multiply\_conjugate\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 2.21ms Best aligned arch: generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8i\_convert\_16i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.137ms a\_generic completed in 0.112ms neon completed in 0.115ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_8i\_s32f\_convert\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.187ms a\_generic completed in 0.179ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: generic RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32fc\_s32fc\_multiply\_32fc(131071,1) generic completed in 1.461ms neon completed in 0.747ms a\_generic completed in 1.447ms offset 0 in1: 182.179 + 36.3883j in2: 146.351 + -160.164j offset 1 in1: -60.14 + -277.288j in2: -195.427 + -81.677j offset 2 in1: 268.287 + 258.704j in2: 205.207 + 82.4777j offset 3 in1: 254.856 + 307.423j in2: 0 + 0j offset 5 in1: -277.526 + -318.87j in2: -596.396 + -596.396j offset 6 in1: -5.68741 + 178.404j in2: -1.73927e-08 + 5.45578e-07j offset 7 in1: -279.86 + 44.2968j in2: 0 + 0j offset 9 in1: -262.193 + -123.933j in2: -386.127 + -386.127j offset 10 in1: 57.8619 + -289.394j in2: 1.76948e-07 + -8.84997e-07j offset 11 in1: -23.4022 + 307.941j in2: 0 + 0j volk\_32fc\_s32fc\_multiply\_32fc: fail on arch neon Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon Failure on volk\_32fc\_s32fc\_multiply\_32fc RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_s32f\_multiply\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 0.444ms u\_neon completed in 0.361ms a\_generic completed in 0.349ms Best aligned arch: a\_generic Best unaligned arch: u\_neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_binary\_slicer\_32i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.538ms generic\_branchless completed in 0.532ms Best aligned arch: generic\_branchless Best unaligned arch: generic\_branchless RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_binary\_slicer\_8i(131071,1) generic completed in 0.531ms generic\_branchless completed in 0.519ms neon completed in 0.324ms Best aligned arch: neon Best unaligned arch: neon RUN\_VOLK\_TESTS: volk\_32f\_tanh\_32f(131071,1) generic completed in 12.998ms series completed in 1.83ms Best aligned arch: series Best unaligned arch: series Kernel QA finished: 3 failures out of 91 tests. The following kernels failed QA: volk\_32fc\_magnitude\_32f volk\_32f\_sqrt\_32f volk\_32fc\_s32fc\_multiply\_32fc ---
**Author:** ![Dennis\_G](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/d/838e76/32.png) [@Dennis\_G](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Dennis_G)\ **Post date:** [July 4, 2015, 10:33pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/two-questions-re-volk-armv7/242578/2 "2015-07-04T22:33:56Z")
Hi Dennis, The 32fc\_s32fc\_multiply\_32fc should be fixed as of about 12 hours ago. Try updating your repo. The other two have nothing ‘wrong’ with them. We use a QA tolerance to check results and it just happens that the tolerance is a bit too low on ARM. Those operations are hard to get accurate and fast because they involve a square root. NEON happens to have an inverse square root estimate which we use because it’s the fastest way to get a result. Unfortunately whenever we have to use the inverse square root estimate from NEON the accuracy drops a bit. In these cases since we actually care about the sqiare root we use the NEON inverse estimate which is also not particularly accurate. The two together make any square root-like operations in VOLK not particularly accurate in NEON. On the plus side it’s probably accurate enough for radio. Nathan ---
**Author:** ![Dennis\_G](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/d/838e76/32.png) [@Dennis\_G](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/Dennis_G)\ **Post date:** [July 5, 2015, 3:09am UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/two-questions-re-volk-armv7/242578/3 "2015-07-05T03:09:04Z")
On Sat, 2015-07-04 at 16:32 -0400, West, Nathan wrote: > Hi Dennis, > > The 32fc\_s32fc\_multiply\_32fc should be fixed as of about 12 hours ago. > Try updating your repo. Thanks. I did a pull and recompiled. Works better. The test now says: … Kernel QA finished: 2 failures out of 91 tests. The following kernels failed QA: volk\_32fc\_magnitude\_32f volk\_32f\_sqrt\_32f This is my ToolChain file, BTW: root@cubieboard4:/mnt/volk# cat cmake/Toolchains/armv7.cmake ######################################################################## # Toolchain file for building native on a ARM Cortex A8 w/ NEON # Usage: cmake -DCMAKE\_TOOLCHAIN\_FILE= ######################################################################## # # Dennis G., July 2015 SET(CMAKE\_CXX\_FLAGS\_INIT “-march=armv7 -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard”) SET(CMAKE\_C\_FLAGS\_INIT “-march=armv7 -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard”) I am native compiling on a CubieBoard4: root@cubieboard4:/mnt/volk# uname -a Linux cubieboard4 3.4.39 #18 SMP PREEMPT Tue Apr 21 15:01:22 CST 2015 armv7l GNU/Linux