# ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken in UserController

**URL:** <https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/actioncontroller-invalidauthenticitytoken-in-usercontroller/171464>\
**Category:** Rails\
**Created:** [July 2, 2009, 10:25pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/actioncontroller-invalidauthenticitytoken-in-usercontroller/171464 "2009-07-02T22:25:15Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 1\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![nsputnik](https://www.ruby-forum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/n/b3f665/32.png) [@nsputnik](https://www.ruby-forum.com/u/nsputnik)\
**Post date:** [July 2, 2009, 10:25pm UTC](https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/actioncontroller-invalidauthenticitytoken-in-usercontroller/171464/1 "2009-07-02T22:25:15Z")

</div>

Please help, i’m getting the following error:

ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken in UserController#register

ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken

RAILS\_ROOT: /home/nick/Desktop/Learning\_Rails/New\_Rails  
Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace

/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/request\_forgery\_protection.rb:79:in  
`verify_authenticity_token' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:178:in`send’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active\_support/callbacks.rb:178:in  
`evaluate_method' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:166:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/filters.rb:225:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:629:in`run\_before\_filters’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/filters.rb:615:in  
`call_filters' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:610:in`perform\_action\_without\_benchmark’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/benchmarking.rb:68:in  
`perform_action_without_rescue' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in`ms’  
/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in`ms’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/benchmarking.rb:68:in  
`perform_action_without_rescue' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/rescue.rb:160:in`perform\_action\_without\_flash’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/flash.rb:141:in  
`perform_action' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/base.rb:523:in`send’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/base.rb:523:in  
`process_without_filters' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:606:in`process’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/base.rb:391:in  
`process' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/base.rb:386:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/routing/route\_set.rb:433:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:88:in`dispatch’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/dispatcher.rb:111:in  
`_call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:82:in`initialize’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/head.rb:9:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/head.rb:9:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/params_parser.rb:15:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/rewindable\_input.rb:25:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/session/abstract_store.rb:122:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active\_record/query\_cache.rb:29:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:34:in`cache’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active\_record/query\_cache.rb:9:in  
`cache' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:28:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active\_record/connection\_adapters/abstract/connection\_pool.rb:361:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/reloader.rb:9:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/failsafe.rb:11:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb:11:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb:11:in  
`synchronize' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb:11:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/dispatcher.rb:106:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.2/lib/rails/rack/static.rb:31:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb:46:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb:40:in`each’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb:40:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.2/lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:17:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/content\_length.rb:13:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/chunked.rb:15:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/mongrel.rb:61:in  
`process' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:159:in`process\_client’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:158:in `each' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:158:in`process\_client’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `run' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in`initialize’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `new' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in`run’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in  
`initialize' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in`new’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in `run' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/mongrel.rb:34:in`run’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.2/lib/commands/server.rb:111  
/usr/local/lib/site\_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom\_require.rb:31:in  
`gem_original_require' /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in`require’  
script/server:3

/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/request\_forgery\_protection.rb:79:in  
`verify_authenticity_token' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:178:in`send’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active\_support/callbacks.rb:178:in  
`evaluate_method' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:166:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/filters.rb:225:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:629:in`run\_before\_filters’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/filters.rb:615:in  
`call_filters' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:610:in`perform\_action\_without\_benchmark’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/benchmarking.rb:68:in  
`perform_action_without_rescue' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in`ms’  
/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.2/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:17:in`ms’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/benchmarking.rb:68:in  
`perform_action_without_rescue' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/rescue.rb:160:in`perform\_action\_without\_flash’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/flash.rb:141:in  
`perform_action' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/base.rb:523:in`send’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/base.rb:523:in  
`process_without_filters' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:606:in`process’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/base.rb:391:in  
`process' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/base.rb:386:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/routing/route\_set.rb:433:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:88:in`dispatch’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/dispatcher.rb:111:in  
`_call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb:82:in`initialize’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/head.rb:9:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/head.rb:9:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/params_parser.rb:15:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/rewindable\_input.rb:25:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/session/abstract_store.rb:122:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active\_record/query\_cache.rb:29:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:34:in`cache’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active\_record/query\_cache.rb:9:in  
`cache' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:28:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.2/lib/active\_record/connection\_adapters/abstract/connection\_pool.rb:361:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/reloader.rb:9:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/failsafe.rb:11:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb:11:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb:11:in  
`synchronize' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb:11:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/dispatcher.rb:106:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.2/lib/rails/rack/static.rb:31:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb:46:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb:40:in`each’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb:40:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.2/lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:17:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/content\_length.rb:13:in  
`call' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/chunked.rb:15:in`call’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action\_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/mongrel.rb:61:in  
`process' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:159:in`process\_client’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:158:in `each' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:158:in`process\_client’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `run' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in`initialize’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in `new' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:285:in`run’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in  
`initialize' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in`new’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/lib/mongrel.rb:268:in `run' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.2/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/mongrel.rb:34:in`run’  
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.2/lib/commands/server.rb:111  
/usr/local/lib/site\_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom\_require.rb:31:in  
`gem_original_require' /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in`require’  
script/server:3

Request

Parameters:

{“commit”=\>“Register!”,  
“authenticity\_token”=\>“lx05SV8DFX/Pwkd53M9pxWgBB9P6mWbAlKOQgiB4O2Q=”,  
“user”=\>{“password”=\>"",  
“screen\_name”=\>"",  
“email”=\>""}}

Show session dump

* * *

Response

Headers:

{“Content-Type”=\>"",  
“Cache-Control”=\>“no-cache”}

Ive been using the first printing of RailsSpace and have run into a few  
compatibility issues along the way, usually due to outdated code.  
However i’ve been able to fix those errors on my own. This time i  
backtraced to try and place the error, and i backtraced all the way to a  
state where i know it worked, and it continues to throw this exception.  
here is my user\_controller:

class UserController \< ApplicationController

def index  
@title = “RailsSpace User Hub”  
end

def register  
@title = “Register”  
if request.post? and params[:user]  
@user = User.new(params[:user])  
if @user.save  
flash[:notice]=“User #{@user.screen\_name} created!”  
redirect\_to :action =\> “index”  
end  
end  
end

end

and my user\_controller\_test:

require File.dirname( **FILE** ) + ‘/…/test\_helper’  
require “user\_controller”  
#Re-raise errors caught by the controller  
class UserController; def rescue\_action(e) raise e end; end

class UserControllerTest \< ActionController::TestCase  
def setup  
@controller = UserController.new  
@request = ActionController::TestRequest.new  
@response = ActionController::TestResponse.new  
end  
# Make sure the registration page responds with the proper form.  
def test\_registration\_page  
get :register  
title = assigns(:title)  
assert\_equal “Register”, title  
assert\_response :success  
assert\_template “register”

```
  #Test the form and all its tags.

  assert_tag "form",
    :attributes => { :action => "/user/register",
                     :method => "post"}
  assert_tag "input",
    :attributes => { :name => "user[screen_name]",
                     :type => "text",
                     :size => User::SCREEN_NAME_SIZE,
                     :maxlength => User::SCREEN_NAME_MAX_LENGTH}

  assert_tag "input",
    :attributes => { :name => "user[email]",
                     :type => "text",
                     :size => User::EMAIL_SIZE,
                     :maxlength => User::EMAIL_MAX_LENGTH}

  assert_tag "input",
    :attributes => { :name => "user[password]",
                     :type => "password",
                     :size => User::PASSWORD_SIZE,
                     :maxlength => User::PASSWORD_MAX_LENGTH}
  assert_tag "input",
    :attributes => { :type => "submit",
                     :value => "Register!"}
end
  # Test a valid registration.
def test_registration_success
    post :register, :user => { :screen_name => "new_screen_name",
                               :email => "removed_email_address@domain.invalid",
                               :password =>

```

“long\_enough\_password”}

```
    #Test user assignment.
    user = assigns(:user)
    assert_not_nil user

    #Test new user in database.
    new_user =

```

User.find\_by\_screen\_name\_and\_password(user.screen\_name,  
user.password)  
assert\_equal new\_user, user  
#Test flash and redirect.  
assert\_equal “User #{new\_user.screen\_name} created!”,  
flash[:notice]  
assert\_redirected\_to :action =\> “index”  
end

```
# Test an invalid registration.
def test_registration_failure
  post :register, :user => { :screen_name => "aa/noyes",
                             :email => "anoyes@example,com",
                             :password => "sun"}
  assert_response :success
  assert_template "register"
  #Test display of error messages.
  assert_tag "div", :attributes => { :id => "errorExplanation",
                                     :class => "errorExplanation"}
  #Assert that each form field has at least one error displayed.
  assert_tag "li", :content => /Screen name/
  assert_tag "li", :content => /Email/
  assert_tag "li", :content => /Password/

  #Test to see that the input fields are being wrapped with the

```

correct div.  
error\_div = { :tag =\> “div”, :attributes =\> { :class =\>  
“fieldWithErrors”}}

```
  assert_tag "input",
          :attributes => { :name => "user[screen_name]",
                            :value => "aa/noyes"},
          :parent => error_div

  assert_tag "input",
          :attributes => { :name => "user[email]",
                            :value => "anoyes@example,com"},
          :parent => error_div

  assert_tag "input",
          :attributes => { :name => "user[password]",
                            :value => "sun"},
          :parent => error_div
end

```

end

and my application.html

 \<%= @title %\> \<%= stylesheet\_link\_tag "site" %\> 

New\_Rails

```
      <div id="nav">
          <%= nav_link "Home", "site" %> |
          <%= nav_link "About Us", "site", "about" %> |
          <%= nav_link "Help", "site", "help" %> |
          <%= nav_link "Register", "user", "register" %>
      </div>

      <div id="content">
          <% if flash[:notice] -%>
            <div id="notice"><%= flash[:notice] %></div>
          <% end -%>
          <%= yield %>
      </div>

      <% if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == "development" %>
        <%= debug(params) %>
      <% end %>
  </div>

```

and finally session\_store:

# Be sure to restart your server when you modify this file.

# Your secret key for verifying cookie session data integrity.

# If you change this key, all old sessions will become invalid!

# Make sure the secret is at least 30 characters and all random,

# no regular words or you’ll be exposed to dictionary attacks.

ActionController::Base.session = {  
:key =\> ‘\_New\_Rails\_session’,  
:secret =\>  
‘e642035263866262234f2e4fb8a4ce21a1d0e87f453337a6ea7f425186bed13f341dbdf4e0dba12f44b9449bb0903dc3462bde451a0686638cc74fc2d9c7d728’  
}

# Use the database for sessions instead of the cookie-based default,

# which shouldn’t be used to store highly confidential information

# (create the session table with “rake db:sessions:create”)

#ActionController::Base.session\_store = :active\_record\_store

I believe the error occured when I ran the db:session:create. However i  
deleted the file created and undid my changes to the above 4 files to no  
avail.